Day 1

Example of unconditioned reflex

Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex

Example of conditioned reflex

Pavlov’s salivary reflex

Unconditioned reflexes are ______ , inherited responses that do not require prior learning. They possess a ________ ______ ___ and are triggered by an _______ stimulus.

In contrast, conditioned reflexes are acquired during life through learning and experience. They are ________, ________, and depend on the formation of new neural connections in the cerebral cortex. They are _________, individual, and depend on the formation of ___ ________ _____________ in the ________ ______. Conditioned reflexes arise when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly associated with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response.

innate, temporary reflex arc, adequate

Temporary, individual, new neural connections, cerebral cortex,

4 ways reflexes are categorized depending on reflex arc

• Somato-somatic

• Somato-viceral

• Vicero-somatic

• Vicero-viceral

Somato-somatic reflex

Origin/arise from :

Affect :

Example :

Somato-somatic reflex

Origin/arise from :

Affect :

Example :

Exteroceptors, skeletal muscles, plantar reflex

Somato-visceral reflex

Origin/arise from :

Affect :

Example :

Exteroceptors, smooth muscles + glands, oculocardiac reflex

Vicero-somatic reflex

Origin/arise from :

Affect :

Example :

interoceptors, skeletal muscles, abdominal wall rigidity

Vicero-visceral reflex

Origin/arise from :

Affect :

Example :

interceptors, smooth muscles and glands, pressor reflex.

According to receptor location, reflexes can be classified as ______________, _______________ or _________________ (give their locations)

exteroceptive - inner ear

interoceptive - internal organs

proprioceptive - muscular joints

Classification according to number of synapses

• Monosynaptic

• Polysynaptic —> involving one or more interneurons

3 reflexes according to effect:

• Motor

• Secretory

• Vasomotor

A nerve centre is a collection of ____________ within the CNS where information is __________, _________, and _____________. Nerve centres are rich in __________ _________ and are responsible for controlling specific physiological functions.

Examples include the :

• Respiratory and cardiovascular centres -

• Vasomotor centre -

• Defecation centre -

• Sensory centre -

• Motor centre -

• Visual centre -

• Auditory centre -

A nerve centre is a collection of interneurons within the CNS where information is received, processed, and integrated. Nerve centres are rich in chemical synapses and are responsible for controlling specific physiological functions.

Examples include the :

• Respiratory and cardiovascular centres - medulla oblongata and pons

• Vasomotor centre - medulla

• Defecation centre - lumbosacral spinal cord

• Sensory centre - parietal cortex

• Motor centre - frontal lobe

• Visual centre - occipital lobe and midbrain

• Auditory centre - temporal lobe and midbrain.