Chapter 13: Emergency Response and Personal Wellness

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Develops safety standards to reduce the risk of hazards in public spaces

What hazards do blue, red, yellow, and white represent?

• Blue: Health

• Red: Flammability

• Yellow: Reactivity

• White: Specific hazards or symbols

What does a rating of 0 vs 4 mean?

• 0: no significant hazard

• 4: extreme danger

Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)

Mandates that hazardous chemicals be labeled appropriately

Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

Promotes consistency in hazard communication across different facilities and helps prevent accidents caused by confusion or misuse

Why is understanding fire classes important?

For selecting the proper fire extinguisher

RACE

• Rescue

• Alarm

• Confine

• Extinguish

PASS

• Pull

• Aim

• Squeeze

• Sweep

What are the steps to take if there’s an electrical fire?

1. Assess the scene for safety

2. Shut off the power source

3. Avoid direct contact

4. Call emergency services

5. Support any victims

Good Samaritan Act

Offers legal protection to those who voluntarily provide emergency care, shielding them from liability when aid is given in good faith

When doing CPR, what is the rate of compressions and how often should you give breaths?

• Rate of 100-120 compressions per minute

• 2 breaths for every 30 compressions

first degree burn

affects only the outermost layer of skin

What is the first aid process for first degree burns?

Apply cool water to the area and use topical lotions; don’t apply ice

second degree burns

extend below the epidermis

What is the first aid process for second degree burns?

• Apply cool water to the area, then cover it with a sterile nonstick dressing

• Avoid applying creams or ointments unless directed by medical professional

• A medical evaluation is recommended.

third degree burns/full thickness burns

destroy all layers of skin and can damage underlying tissues, nerves, muscles

What is the first aid process for third degree burns?

• Call emergency services immediately

• Maintain the victim’s airway and begin CPR

• Don’t apply ointments or remove burned clothing

• Keep victim warm and monitor for signs of shock

What is the medical term for a heart attack?

Myocardial infarction

automated external defibrillator (AED)

portable device that analyzes heart rhythm and delivers a shock to restore a normal heartbeat during cardiac arrest

shock

life threatening condition that occurs when the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen rich blood to the body’s tissues and organs

What is the first aid process for shock?

• Call EMS

• Help victim lie down in supine position

• If vomiting occurs or if victim is semi-conscious place them in recovering position, meaning on their left side with their mouth facing downward

What is the medical term for stroke?

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

What are symptoms of stroke?

• Confusion

• Slurred speech

• Weakness or paralysis on one side

• Vision problems

• Sudden loss of coordination or balance

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and how are symptoms different?

• Mild or warning stroke

• Symptoms usually last less than an hour and resolve without permanent damage