Year 8 History: Elizabeth I to the British Empire (EQ1-5)

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards based on the Year 8 History curriculum (EQ1-5), covering the Elizabethan era, the invention of race, Stuart democracy, the slave trade at Norbiton Place, and global resistance to the British Empire.

Privy Council

The main advisory body for Elizabeth I.

Sir William Cecil

Elizabeth I’s leading minister in the all-male Privy Council.

Cabinet

The main decision-making body in the UK today.

Reformation

Split in the Catholic Church caused by Protestantism

Mary Queen of Scots

Elizabeth I’s catholic cousin. Involved in plots to kill her.

Troubles

Catholic-Protestant conflict in Northern Ireland

Lord Mountbatten

Cousin of Elizabeth II. Assassinated by the Irish Republican Army (IRA).

Spanish Armada

The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain to invade England

'The Few'

Collective term for the RAF pilots in the Battle of Britain

Elizabethan Golden Age

Term that describes success of Elizabethan culture

Cool Britannia

Term that describes success of UK culture in the $1990s$.

Race

Categorisation of humans by physical appearance

Racism

Discrimination based on belief in a hierarchy of races

Racist trope

A recurring racist idea e.g. Native Americans lack culture

Climate theory of race

Theory of racial difference that claimed skin colour was based on exposure to the sun

Curse theory of race

Theory of racial difference that Africans were the sons of Ham, a bible figure whose sons were cursed by God

Colonisation

Policy of settling one group of people on the land of another group of people

Sir John Hawkins

Took $300$ Africans from Sierra Leone to the Americas in $1562$

Elizabeth Key

Enslaved woman freed by a court because her father was white and she was baptised

Absolute monarchy

Monarchy in which the monarch has supreme authority and power

Sovereignty

Supreme authority and power. In a democracy, parliament is said to be ‘sovereign’.

11 Years of Tyranny

Period between $1629-40$ in which Charles I did not call a parliament

Interregnum

Period between $1649-60$ when England did not have a monarch i.e. it was a republic

Oliver Cromwell

General of the parliamentary army and Lord Protector during the Interregnum

Levellers

Group that campaigned for the right to vote for all men.

Lord Protector

Cromwell refused parliament’s offer of the crown. Took this title instead.

Bill of Rights

Law that affirmed parliament’s right to be called regularly and allow MPs free speech

Constitutional monarchy

Monarchy in which the monarch’s power is limited by law. Parliament is sovereign

Norbiton Place

Stately home on London Rd. Home to Philipps, Picton and Pallmer.

Cesar Picton

Enslaved African kidnapped and gifted to Sir John Philipps. Resident of Norbiton Place

Abolitionist Movement

The campaign to abolish slavery

Plantation

Farm in a colony that relied on slave labour. Predominantly grew sugar cane.

Olaudah Equiano

Born in the Kingdom of Benin. Equiano was enslaved, freed and became an abolitionist

Billy Waters

US War of Independence refugee. Became a renowned street performer in London.

Maroons

Escaped slaves on the island of Jamaica. Lived freely in the centre of the island.

Sons of Liberty

Group of American patriots that carried out the Boston Tea Party

East India Company

Private British company that took control of India between $1750$ and $1850$.

Sepoy

Indian soldier that fought for the East India Company

The Golden Stool

Ceremonial stool made of wood and covered in gold. Used in Asante coronations.

Tallow

Made from beef fat. Used to seal gunpowder cartridges. Intro to EiC army in $1857$.