Oral Medicine and Pathology Practice Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary, diagnostic features, and systemic manifestations of oral lesions and diseases based on the medical lecture transcript.

Leukoedema

Bilateral opalescent gray-white buccal mucosal changes that disappear when the mucosa is stretched.

Pseudomembrane

A white oral plaque that can be wiped with dry gauze, often representing surface debris or fungal growth.

White Sponge Nevus

Thickened white spongy bilateral buccal plaques appearing in early childhood associated with mutations in Keratin $4$ and Keratin $13$.

Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis (HBID)

A condition distinguished from White Sponge Nevus by the presence of white gelatinous conjunctival plaques.

Pachyonychia Congenita

A condition characterized by oral leukokeratosis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, hyperhidrosis, follicular keratosis, and dystrophic thickened nails.

Dyskeratosis Congenita

A condition featuring abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, oral mucosal atrophy, and leukoplakia with a high risk for squamous cell carcinoma.

Nicotinic Stomatitis

A diffuse white cracked appearance of the palate with red punctate dots representing inflamed minor salivary gland duct openings, typically seen in smokers.

Hairy Leukoplakia

Non-wipeable white "feathery" plaques on the lateral tongue associated with $EBV$ replication in immunosuppressed patients.

Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL)

A persistent, multifocal white-red verrucous lesion that recurs after removal and has a high risk of transforming into SCC or verrucous carcinoma.

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

A condition presented in children with abrupt onset of fever ($39^{\circ}C$), malaise, cervical lymphadenopathy, and numerous painful shallow ulcers on both attached and movable mucosa.

Herpangina

Multiple painful ulcers confined to the soft palate and tonsillar pillars, most commonly caused by Coxsackievirus group $A$.

Erythema Multiforme Major

A condition characterized by hemorrhagic crusting of the lips, painful oral erosions, target-like skin lesions, fever, and conjunctivitis.

Pemphigus Vulgaris

An autoimmune disease featuring desmoglein $1$ and $3$ antibodies, positive Nikolsky sign, flaccid bullae, and suprabasal acantholysis.

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP)

A chronic vesiculobullous disease predominantly affecting mucosa with a scarring tendency, commonly associated with symblepharon and entropion.

Angina Bullosa Hemorrhagica (ABH)

Sudden development of hemorrhagic bullae on the soft palate that rupture and heal without scarring.

Pyostomatitis Vegetans

A marker of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by yellow-white pustules on erythematous mucosa that coalesce into "snail-track" ulcerations.

Radiation Caries

Brown-black, rampant caries affecting unusual tooth surfaces, including roots, stemming from salivary gland injury during radiotherapy.

Osteoradionecrosis

Exposed irradiated bone without recurrent tumor, characterized by vascular obliteration causing hypovascular, hypoxic, and hypocellular tissue.

Pilocarpine

A medication used to stimulate parotid function in patients with radiation-induced xerostomia.

Black Hairy Tongue

Elongation of the filiform papillae with black discoloration, often caused by smoking, hyposalivation, or antibiotic use such as minocycline.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

A syndrome featuring mucocutaneous melanotic macules of the lips/oral mucosa and intestinal hamartomatous polyps.

Oral Melanoacanthoma

A rapidly enlarging, well-circumscribed brown-black buccal mucosal lesion with acanthosis and benign dendritic melanocytes, most common in young Black women.

Dysgeusia

The distortion or altered perception of taste.

Phantogeusia

The perception of a persistent foul or metallic taste in the absence of an external stimulus.

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)

A condition characterized by recurrent epistaxis, oral telangiectasia, and arteriovenous (AV) malformations.

Erythroplakia

A persistent, well-demarcated velvety red patch with high malignant potential.

Geographic Tongue

Migratory red patches on the tongue with changing borders and a discoid appearance.

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

A midline depapillated red area of the tongue located anterior to the circumvallate papillae, associated with fungal infection.

Gardner Syndrome

A syndrome characterized by multiple mandibular osteomas, supernumerary teeth, odontomas, and intestinal polyps.

Numb Chin Syndrome

A mental nerve neuropathy that can be a sign of hematologic malignancy.

Riga-Fede Disease

A ventral tongue ulcer in infants caused by repetitive trauma from natal teeth.

Necrotizing Sialadenometaplasia

A painless palatal swelling that rapidly ulcerates into a crater-like lesion due to ischemic necrosis of minor salivary glands.

Scrofula

Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.

PFAPA Syndrome

A periodic condition in children involving Fever, Aphthous ulcers, Pharyngitis, and Adenitis occurring every $4$ weeks.

Sweet Syndrome

A painful oral ulcer associated with fever, neutrophilic dermatosis, and elevated ESR/CRP.

Wegener Granulomatosis

A condition involving oral ulcers, glomerulonephritis, pulmonary involvement, and positive C-ANCA antibodies.