A&P Quiz 1

Anatomical Position

Standing Erect

Facing Forward (including eyes)

Arms Hanging at sides

Palms facing forward

Axial Region

head, neck, and trunk

Appendicular Region

arms & legs

bones that attach the limbs to axial skeletion (extremities)

Head & Neck

cranial or cephalic

Anterior (facial)

frontal, orbital, buccal, mental, nasal, oral, and cervical

Posterior (nuchal)

Cranial

back of neck

Trunk : Anterior (thoracic) or chest

acromial, axillary, pectoral, sternal

abdominal, umbilical

coxal, inguinal, pubic

Acromial

shoulder

Axillary

armpit

Umbilical

bellybutton

Coxal

hip

Inguinal

groin

Pubic

Mons pubis

Trunk : Posterior

scapular, vertebral

lumbar

sacral, gluteal

Appendicular Region : Anterior

arms :

brachial

cubital

antebrachial

carpal

manual

digital

legs :

femoral

patellar

crural

pedal

tarsal

digital

Appendicular Region : Posterior

arms :

dorsum of hand

legs :

popliteal

calcaneal

Dorsum of hand

back of hand

Brachial

arm

Cubital

elbow

Antebrachial

forearm

Carpal

wrist

Manual

hand

Digital

Fingers

femoral

thigh

Patellar

anterior knee

crural

lower leg below patellar

Pedal

foot

Tarsal

ankle

Digital

toe

Popliteal

posterior (back) side of knee

Calcaneal

heel

superior location

above / further up

Interior location

below / further down

Cranial

head

Caudal

tail

Anterior / Ventral

towards the front of the body

Posterior

back or closer to the back

Medial

towards the middle/midline

Lateral

towards the side/away from the midline

Proximal

near / closest to point of attachment

Distal

further from the point of attachment

Superficial

closer to body surface

Deep

deeper in the body surface

Sagittal

divides the body into right and left parts

Midsagittal / Medial

sagittal plane that lies on the midline (equal left and right parts)

Parasagittal

plane divides in unequal right and left parts (slightly off midline)

Frontal or Coronal

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts (fall forwards and backwards)

Transverse or horizontal

divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts at a midsection

Dorsal Cavity

cranial

vertebral

Cranial

brain

Vertebral

spinal cord

Ventral Cavity

throacic

abdominopelvic

thoracic

lungs and heart

how many pleural membranes surround lungs

2

what cavity surrounds the heart

pericardial

abdominopelvic

digestive, urinary, and reproductive system

diaphragm

separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Levels 1-6 organization in body

1. chemical level

2. cellular level

3. tissue level

4. organ level

5. organ system level

6. organismal level

chemical level

atoms combine to form molecules

cellular level

cells made up of molecules

tissue level

tissues consist of similar types of cells

organ level

tissues

organ system level

organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

organismal level

the human organism is made up of many organ systems

organs are made up of different types of tissues

basic cell structure consists of 3 things

membrane, organelles, and cytosol

plasma membrane

outer most layer of the cell

phospholipid bilayer is studded with what two things

proteins and carbohydrates

cytosol

gel-like matrix

cytoplasm

organelles and cytosol

nucleus contains what

nucleous

nucleolus make what

ribosomes

what is nucleus surrounded by

nuclear envelope

RER

ribosomes attatched

SER

synthesis of lipids no ribosomes

Ribosomes

protein synthesis

Golgi apparatus

makes carbohydrates, packages proteins carbs and lipids to deliver them to other places

exocytosis

deliver outside using secetory vesicles

Lysosomes

vesicles made by Golgi complex

digests old organelles and foreign substances

Mitochcondria

provides the cell the energy (ATP)

Centrioles

form the spindle fibers necessary for cell division

Epithelial Tissue

covering tissue

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

cover organs and line cavities within organs, blood vessels, the respiratory and digestive tract

Cell types of Epithelia

squamous

cuboid

columnar

Number of layers of epithelia

simple

stratified

pseudostratified

squamous

flat

cuboid

cube-shaped

columnar

column-shaped

simple

single layer

stratified

more than one layer

pseudostratified

single layer but appears stratified

simple squamous epithelium

single, flat, covering tissue