A&P Nervous System

The normal adult nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions called the:

1. central and peripheral nervous system

2. meningeal and cutaneous nervous system

3. thalamic and spinal nervous system

4. skeletal and vascular nervous system

central and peripheral nervous system

The sensory areas of the brain associated with hearing, sight, and smell are located in the:

1. cerebrum

2. cerebellum

3. mid brain

4. brain stem

cerebrum

In a cross-section cut of the spinal cord, the gray appearance of the central portion is due in large part to the:

1. neuro-fibrils

2. myelinated fibers

3. nissel bodies

4. nerve cell bodies

nerve cell bodies

The activity of the pituitary gland is controlled by the action of the:

1. telencephalon

2. cerebellum

3. hypothalamus

4. midbrain

hypothalamus

The coordination of fine muscular movement of the extremities is primarily accomplished by the:

1. cerebrum

2. cerebellum

3. limbic system

4. diencephalon

cerebellum

The folds of the brain giving appearance of ridges and valleys are called the:

1. Gyri and sulci

2. villi and cillia

3. ganglia and fissures

4. axons and dendrites

gyri and sulci

The lateral ventricles are the largest of the fluid-filled cavities of the brain and are located within the mass of the:

1. brain stem

2. cisterna magnum

3. cerebral hemisphere

4. falx cerebri

cerebral hemisphere

The brain and spinal cord are portected by three membranous layers collectively known as the:

1. diploe

2. meninges

3. sinuses

4. fissures

meninges

The cranial venous sinuses that drain the blood from the brain are formed by the two layeres of the:

1. periosteum

2. dura mater

3. lateral ventricles

4. arachnoid villi

dura mater

The brain and spinal cord develop from a tube-like nerve bundle called the:

1. neural tube

2. cerebral nuclei

3. commissural fibers

4. neural synapse

neural tube

The dorsal root of the spinal nerve is composed of:

1. motor fibers

2. sensory fibers

3. afferent fibers

2 and 3

The medulla oblongata exerts a great deal of control over:

1. respiration rate

2. heart rate

3. blood pressure

1, 2, and 3

The largest portion of the normal adult brain is the:

1. cerebellum

2. pons

3. cerebrum

4. diencephalon

cerebrum

The normal connection between the third and fourth ventricles is accomplished by a narrow canal called the:

1. cerebral aqueduct

2. choroid plexus

3. foramen of monro

4. falx cerebri

cerebral aqueduct

The innermost layer of the membrane covering the brain is termed the:

1. arachnoid mater

2. dura mater

3. subarachnoid mater

4. pia mater

Pia mater

The cerebrospinal fluid that is secreted by masses of specialized capillary beds in the walls of the ventricles serves for the:

1. regulation of hormones

2. protection of the brain

3. filtration of wastes

4. production of antibodies

protection of the brain

How many distinct pairs of spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord?

1. twelve

2. twenty-one

3. twenty-four

4. thirty-one

thirty-one

The subarachnoid space that contains the cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the:

1. periosteum and dura mater

2. dura and pia mater

3. arachnoid and pia mater

4. transverse and sigmoid sinuses

arachnoid and pia mater

The junction of two or more nerve cell extensions occurs at a conduction pathway called the:

1. syntaxis

2. ganglion

3. synapse

4. reflex arc

synapse

The conduction of electrical impulses from the central nervous system to the peripheral nerves occurs over the:

1. efferent fibers

2. sensory fibers

3. motor fibers

1 and 3

The interventricular foramen permits the passage of fluids between the _____ ventricles.

1. third and fourth

2. fourth and lateral

3. lateral and third

3 only

A neuron consists of a cell’s body and two thin, branching extensions called the:

1. actin and myosin

2. axon and dendrite

3. synapse and ganglion

4. myelin and neurolemma

axon and dendrite

The fluid-filled cavities of the brain and spinal canal communicate by the way of the foramina of:

1. sylvius and moore

2. schwan and ranvier

3. monro and rinivus

4. luschka and magendie

luschka and magendie

The conduction pathway between the right and left sides of the cerebrum is accomplished by a large band of white fibers called the:

1. corpus callosum

2. basal ganglia

3. cerebral aqueduct

4. islets of reil

corpus callosum

The sensory and motor impulses to and from the brain for the head and neck region are carried by the _______ pairs of cranial nerves.

1. six

2. twelve

3. eighteen

4. thirty-one

twelve

List the 3 parts of the hindbrain:

pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

List the 3 parts which make up the brain stem:

Midbrain, pons (hindbrain), medulla (hindbrain)

Cells which are located in the walls of ventricles; they produce CSF:

choroid plexus

Located above the pons and betweem the cerebrum and hindbrain:

midbrain

Located below the midbrain; contains nuclei for cranial nerves:

pons

Located between the pons and spinal cord; has vital centers for respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor:

medulla oblongata

Has the centers for balance and equilibrium:

cerebellum

Located between the pons and cerebellum:

4th ventricle

Located in each cerebral hemisphere:

lateral ventricle

Located midline, formed by the thalamus and hypothalamus:

3rd ventricle

Opening between the lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle:

interventricular foramen and foramen of monro

Openings in the sides and back of the 4th ventricle:

foramina of luschka and magendie

Canal which connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle:

cerebral aqueduct and aqueduct of sylvius

Which part of the brain has the centers for hearing, speech, movement, and smell?

cerebrum

What does CVA stand for?

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Where is the epidural space located?

between the skull and dura mater

What are the 4 parts of the peripheral nervous system?

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic system, somatic system

Which part of a neuron carries impulses towards the cell body?

dendrites

Which part of the brain has the centers for vasomotor, respiratory, and cardiac?

medulla oblongata (brainstem)

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Name the meninges from outside to inside.

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Why does a brain injury (on 1 side of the brain) cause symptoms on the opposite side of the body?

the nerve fibers cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata

The cranial nerves are mixed, sensory, or motor?

all 3

Where is the subarachnoid space located?

between the pia mater and arachnoid mater

Where is the CSF located?

subarachnoid space

Where is the CSF produced?

choroid plexus in the ventricles

Where are the Foramina of Luschka & Magendie?

back and sides of the 4th ventricle

What are the 2 parts (structures) of the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord

Which part of the brain has the centers for smooth movement, balance, and equilibrium?

cerebellum

Where is the Foramen of Monro?

between the 3rd and lateral ventricles

Where is the Cerebral Aqueduct located?

between the 3rd and 4th ventricle

What are the 3 parts of the hindbrain?

pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

Which nerves pass through foramina in the skull?

cranial nerves

What is formed by the thalamus and hypothalamus?

3rd ventricle

What is the medullary conus?

tapered end of the spinal cord

Where is the subdural space located?

between the dura mater and arachnoid mater

The spinal nerves are mixed, sensory, or motor?

mixed

What are the 2 parts of the autonomic system?

sympathetic and parasympathetic

What is the cauda equine?

spinal nerves which extend below the end of the spinal cord (horses tail)

1st cranial nerve:

olfactory nerve, openings in the cribiform plate to the nasal cavity

2nd cranial nerve:

optic nerve, optic foramen to the occipital lobe

5th cranial nerve:

trigeminal nerve

What and where are the trigeminal nerves?

mandibular branch (foramen ovale), maxillary branch (foramen rotundum), opthalmic branch (superior orbital fissure)

8th cranial nerve:

vestibulocochlear nerve, vestibular through IAC to cerebellum, cochlear through IAC to temporal lobe

10th cranial nerve:

vagus nerve, fiber pass to the throat, chest, abdomen

How many cranial nerves are there?

12 pair

How many spinal nerves are there?

31 pair

White matter in the brain is mostly made of axons or dendrites?

axons

The spinal cord has gray matter where?

inside

Where is the longitudinal fissure?

separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres

What are the corpus callosum?

fibers which connect the 2 cerebral hemispheres

What arteries supply blood to the anterior brain?

internal carotid arteries

What arteries supply blood to the posterior brain?

vertebral arteries

What arteries supply blood to the scalp?

external carotid arteries

What is the falx cerebri?

double fold of dura mater which separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Where is the needle inserted into for an LP or myelogram?

subarachnoid space (intrathecal space)

Where is the 4th ventricle?

hindbrain (between pons and cerebellum)

Which nerves pass through intervertebral foramina in the spine?

spinal

Which nerve decreases the heart rate?

vagus nerve

Where is the (lateral) sylvian fissure located?

between the parietal and frontal lobes above and temporal lobe below

List the parts of the central nervous system:

brain and spinal cord

What are the two types of nerve cells (one contains a nucleus, one is a support cell)?

neuron, neuroglia

What are the two types of processes found on a neuron and their function?

dendrites and axons

Group of nerve cell bodies found within the brain or spinal cord, helps with sensory/motor function:

nuclei

Carries impulses from a receptor towards the spinal cord or brain:

sensory neuron (afferent)

Group of nerve fibers (axons and dendrites) located outside the brain and spinal cord:

plexus

Support cells:

neuroglia

Group of nerve cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord, helps with sensory/motor function:

ganglion

Group of nerve cell bodies found within the brain or spinal cord, concerned with a specific function:

center

Gap of space between the axon of one neuron and dendrite of another neuron:

synapse

Carries impulses away from the brain or spinal cord to an effector in the tissue:

motor neuron (efferent)

Cell bodies make up the:

1. gray matter

2. white matter

gray matter

Nerve fibers make up the:

1. gray matter

2. white matter

white matter

In the cerebrum, the gray matter is located on the:

1. outside

2. inside

outside

In the spinal cord, the gray matter is located on the:

1. outside

2. inside

inside