PSYCH 211 (Practice Test 3)

Which of the following accounts for the success of Skinner's teaching machines?

The machine provided the ability to move forward, which was reinforcing, about 90% of the time.

According to research, which of the following provided great success in reducing self-injurious behavior? 

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior.

All of the following are true of neglect EXCEPT

Neglected children experience more punishment than reinforcement.

Operant conditioning plays a role in all the following aspects of language development EXCEPT

Language is acquired only through operant conditioning.

All of the following were true regarding the research on Mrs. A's classroom EXCEPT

Reinforcement had the greatest effect on well-behaved students.

Delusions

may arise from organic causes, but can be modified with operant conditioning.

The research on operant conditioning in the workplace found that the most gains in productivity and workplace safety occurred with the use of 

positive feedback along with bonuses.

Constraint-induced movement therapy 

uses operant conditioning to regain use of a body part due to paralysis.

Goldiamond's paradox is when atypical behavior earns reinforcement 

by engaging in the behavior when the reinforcement is available but also when reinforcement is unavailable.

Operant conditioning procedures have been used for all the following in zoos EXCEPT

to punish aggressive behavior in animals in captivity

A ghost condition

is used in asocial observational learning research.

In emulation the observer copies the model's 

goal.

Watson and Thorndike concluded as a result of their research that 

they could find no scientific evidence of observational learning.

Which of the following best explains vicarious reinforcement? 

an increase in the strength of an observed behavior following reinforcement of that behavior in a model.

Humans have a greater tendency than nonhumans to engage in which of the following? 

over-imitation

Which of the following statements regarding the variables that affect observational learning is TRUE?

Compared to animal, humans get the most out of observational learning.

Which is equivalent to Bandura's motivational processes in the Operant Learning Model? 

the observer's learning history

Children with developmental delays

can acquire skills required for observational learning.

Edutainment programs

have been used to change social practices while also being entertaining.

In research in which only one of a student pair was reinforced for attentiveness found that 

the student that was not reinforced showed improvement in attention to the teacher.

Every time the lunch lady serves Natalie her lunch in the cafeteria line, Natalie says, "Thank you." This is an example of 

stimulus control.

When little Albert demonstrated fear to a Santa Claus mask it was an example of 

stimulus generalization în Pavlovian conditioning.

When the village sled dogs eyed a young Inuit boy imitating a seal, taking the boy for a seal the dogs attacked and killed the boy. This is a demonstration of 

a failure in stimulus discrimination.

Anytime someone learns a behavior by observing a model it is an example of 

generalization across people.

Last year in 7th grade social studies the teacher called on your frequently when you raised your hand. This year, in 8th grade social studies, you are never called on when you raise your hand. This year you just stopped raising your hand in all your classes. This is an example of 

generalization following extinction.

A discriminative stimulus is 

a stimulus in operant conditioning that signals that a behavior will be reinforced or that it will not be reinforced.

A pigeon will receive a food pellet each time it pecks at a dark red disk. On random trials it will be presented a light red disk that when pecked will not be followed by food. This is an example of which type of discrimination training? 

successive discrimination

Which theory of generalization and discrimination has received the least support because of its circular nature?

Pavlov's Theory

Which theory of generalization and discrimination suggests that the tendency to respond to any given stimulus resulted from the interaction of the increased and decreased tendencies to respond, as reflected in gradients of excitation and inhibition? 

Spence's Theory

Stimulus control plays a major role in addiction because 

particular environments are cues for use of the substance.

Which of the following best depicts the current view of storage as the metaphor for memory? 

data stored in a CPU

All of the following are effective memory techniques EXCEPT

massed practice

Measuring forgetting by identifying a stimulus viewed earlier is known as 

recognition

Sally offers to pick up lunch for her colleagues. They each give her their order. When she gets to the take out place, she remembers all the orders but one. Sally is experiencing issues with 

free recall

The research that found the longer the interval was between training and relearning led to more forgetting in rats was conducted by 

Gagné

A comprehensive final exam is an example of 

relearning

When Maddie's workplace updated their software, despite having attended training sessions on the new software, Maddie found herself trying to execute software commands by habit that developed all the years she used the former software. Maddie is experiencing 

proactive interference

Procedural memory is housed in 

nondeclarative memory

Another name for autobiographical memory is 

episodic memory

Jane made flashcards from her crossword puzzle clues and asked her room mate to quiz her. When Jane got 100% on the flashcards her room mate was ready to call it a night. But Jane asked her to run through the cards a few more times. Jane was engaging in 

overlearning