female repro

t/f fish have a true uterus

false

some viviparous fish will have an enlarged and modified posterior part of the oviduct

fish typically have _____ ovaries

paired

elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) only the ____ ovary develops fully.

right

in fish, from each ovary an _____ extends toward the _____.

oviduct, cloaca

female reptiles typically have _____ _____, each attached to an _____.

paired ovaries, oviduct

All reptiles exhibit ______ fertilization

internal

histotrophic nutrition

embryos (in viviparous snakes) absorb nutrients directly from uterine lining

infundibulum

ovum capture and fertilization

magnum role

formation of egg-white (albumin)

Isthmus

adds inner and outer shell membranes to the egg

shell gland

adds hard CaCO3 shell

vitellogenesis

is the process by which yolk proteins are synthesized and deposited into the oocyte during oogenesis

precursor to yolk protein

vitellogenin (VTG)

what is meant by vitellogenesis in vertebrates is a heterosynthetic process?

vitellogenin is synthesized outside the ovary, and then deposited into the developing egg

where is vitellogenin produced?

in the liver of the female and transported through the bloodstream to the ovary where the developing oocytes take it up

Where is vitellogenin processed into vitellin?

inside the oocyte

in animals what is vitellogenesis initiated by?

environmental cues

CNS

Hormonal release—> estrogens

VTG production

What are the 3 main histological features of mammalian ovaries?

1) surface- composed of simple cuboidal epithelium

2) cortex- contains a connective tissue stroma and numerous ovarian follicles

3) medulla- comprised of loose connective tissue and a rich neurovascular network that enters through the hilum of the ovary

What picks up the ova for fertilization?

infundibulum

primordial follicle

a small oocyte surrounded by a layer of squamous granulosa cells, which is formed before birth and stays dormant until activated

primary follicle

granulosa cells become cuboidal

zona pellucida begins to form around the oocyte

oocyte enlarges

still hormone independent

secondary (preantral) follicle

multiple layers of granulosa cells are formed, and theca cells appear (outside granulosa layer).

still largely hormone-independent

gains LH and FSH receptors

tertiary (antral) follicle

antrum (fluid filled cavity) forms, and the FSH-dependent phase begins here.

The granulosa and theca cells become responsive to FSH (stimulates granulosa cells to produce estradiol) and LH (stimulates theca cells to produce androgen).

dominant (Graafian) follicle

one follicle becomes dominant and grows the fastest

Gains more FSH and LH receptors

ovulates in response to the LH surge

follicle changes into _____ ____ by LH effect

corpus luteum