Module 5 Muscle Groups

Origin of Iliocostalis (General)?

Posterior iliac crest and posterior sacrum.

What is the “I love Spinach” mnemonic mean?

Iliocostalis (Lateral Column)

Longissimus (Intermediate column)

Spinalis (Medial column)

Insertion of Iliocostalis (General)?

Angles of the ribs and transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.

Action of Iliocostalis?

Spinal Extension; Lateral Flexion; Rotation.

Origin of Iliocostalis Lumborum

Posterior sacrum, posterior iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia.

Insertion of Iliocostalis Lumborum?

Lower 6 or 7 ribs.

Origin of Iliocostalis Thoracis?

Superior borders of the angles of the lower 6 ribs.

Insertion of Iliocostalis Thoracis?

Upper 6 ribs and the transverse process of C7.

Origin of Iliocostalis Cervicis?

Ribs 3 through 6.

Insertion of Iliocostalis Cervicis?

Transverse processes of C4 through C6.

Origin of Longissimus (General)?

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.

Insertion of Longissimus (General)?

Transverse processes of thoracic/cervical vertebrae; mastoid process.

Action of Longissimus?

Spinal Extension; Lateral Flexion; Rotation.

Origin of Longissimus Thoracis?

Blends with Iliocostalis at sacrum/iliac crest; spinous processes L1-L5.

Insertion of Longissimus Thoracis?

Transverse processes of T1-T12 and lower 9 or 10 ribs.

Origin of Longissimus Cervicis?

Transverse processes of T1 through T5.

Insertion of Longissimus Cervicis?

Transverse processes of C2 through C6.

Origin of Longissimus Capitis?

Transverse processes of T1-T5 and articular processes of C4-C7.

Insertion of Longissimus Capitis?

Posterior margin of the Mastoid process.

Origin of Spinalis (General)?

Spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae.

Insertion of Spinalis (General)?

Spinous processes of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae.

Action of Spinalis?

Spinal Extension.

Origin of Spinalis Thoracis?

Spinous processes of T11 through L2.

Insertion of Spinalis Thoracis?

Spinous processes of T2 through T8.

Origin of Spinalis Cervicis?

Spinous processes of C7.

Insertion of Spinalis Cervicis?

Spinous process of the Axis (C2).

What muscles are in the abdominal wall

Rectus abdominis (6-pack muscle)

External Oblique (Superficial lateral layer)

Internal oblique (Middle lateral layer)

Transverse Abdominis (Deepest layer)

Origin of Rectus Abdominis?

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis.

Insertion of Rectus Abdominis?

Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of Ribs 5-7.

Action of Rectus Abdominis?

Flexion of the lumbar spine; stabilizes pelvis.

Origin of External Oblique?

External surfaces of Ribs 5-12.

Insertion of External Oblique?

Iliac crest, pubic tubercle, and Linea alba.

Action (Bilateral) of External Oblique?

Flexion of vertebral column; compresses abdomen.

Action (Unilateral) of External Oblique?

Lateral flexion; Rotation.

Origin of Internal Oblique?

Anterior iliac crest.

Insertion of Internal Oblique?

Inferior borders of Ribs 10-12, pubic crest, and Linea alba.

Action (Bilateral) of Internal Oblique?

Flexion of vertebral column; compresses abdomen.

Action (Unilateral) of Internal Oblique?

Lateral flexion; Rotation.

Origin of Transverse Abdominis?

Internal surfaces of Ribs 7-12 and iliac crest.

Insertion of Transverse Abdominis?

Linea alba and pubic crest

Action of Transverse Abdominis?

Compression of abdominal contents; stabilizes core.

What is the posterior abdominal wall muscle

Quadratus lumborum (QL)

Origin of Quadratus Lumborum?

Posterior part of the iliac crest.

Insertion of Quadratus Lumborum?

12th rib and transverse processes of L1-L4.

Action (Bilateral) of Quadratus lumborum?

Extends lumbar spine; fixes 12th rib during exhalation.

Action (Unilateral) of Quadratus lumborum?

Lateral flexion of the spine to the same side.

What are the anterior hip flexors

Psoas Major & Iliacus

Psoas Minor

Sartorius

Tensor fasciae Latae

Origin of Psoas Major?

Transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5.

Insertion of Psoas Major?

Lesser trochanter of femur.

Action of Psoas Major?

Hip flexion; lateral flexion of vertebral column.

Origin of Iliacus?

Iliac fossa and internal lip of iliac crest.

Insertion of Iliacus?

Lesser trochanter (via Iliopsoas tendon).

Origin of Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)?

Anterior iliac crest and ASIS

Insertion of Tensor Fasciae Latae?

Iliotibial (IT) tract to lateral condyle of tibia.

Action of Tensor Fasciae Latae?

Hip abduction; medial rotation; knee stabilization.

Origin of Sartorius?

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS).

Insertion of Sartorius?

Medial surface of proximal tibia (Pes Anserinus).

Action of Sartorius?

Hip flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation; Knee flexion.

Origin of Psoas Minor?

Bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae.

Insertion of Psoas Minor?

Pectineal line and Iliopubic eminence (of the pelvis).

Action of Psoas Minor?

Weak flexion of the lumbar vertebral column.

What are the gluteal muscles groups

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus

Piriformis

Quadratus femoris

Origin of Gluteus Medius?

Lateral ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.

Insertion of Gluteus Medius?

Lateral aspect of greater trochanter

Action of Gluteus Medius?

Hip abduction (prime mover); medial/lateral rotation.

Origin of Gluteus Minimus?

Lateral ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines.

Insertion of Gluteus Minimus?

Anterior aspect of greater trochanter.

Action of Gluteus Minimus?

Hip abduction; medial rotation.

What are the thigh adductor muscles

Pectineus

Adductor Longus

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Magnus

Gracilis

Origin of Adductor Longus?

Anterior surface of the Pubis, near the pubic symphysis.

Insertion of Adductor Longus?

Linea aspera on the medial aspect of the Femur.

Action of Adductor Longus?

Adducts the hip; Flexes the hip; assists in Medial Rotation.

Origin of Adductor Brevis?

Body and inferior ramus of the Pubis.

Insertion of Adductor Brevis?

Pectineal line and proximal part of the linea aspera of the Femur.

Action of Adductor Brevis?

Adducts and Flexes the hip; assists in Medial Rotation.

Origin of Adductor Magnus (Hamstring part)?

Ischial tuberosity.

Insertion of Adductor Magnus (Hamstring part)?

Adductor tubercle of the femur.

Action of Adductor Magnus (Hamstring part)?

Hip extension; medial rotation.

Origin of Adductor Magnus (Adductor part)?

Inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity.

Insertion of Adductor Magnus (Adductor part)?

Medial aspect of femur.

Action of Adductor Magnus (Adductor part)?

Hip adduction; hip flexion.

Origin of Gracilis?

Inferior ramus and body of the Pubis.

Insertion of Gracilis?

Medial surface of the proximal Tibia (specifically the Pes Anserinus).

Action of Gracilis (Hip)?

Adducts the hip and assists in Hip Flexion.

Action of Gracilis (Knee)?

Flexes the knee and assists in Medial Rotation of the flexed knee.

Origin of Piriformis?

Anterior surface of sacrum (S2-S4)

Insertion of Piriformis?

Greater trochanter (superior-medial border).

Action of Piriformis?

External rotation (hip extended); Abduction (hip flexed).

Origin of Quadratus Femoris?

Lateral border of the Ischial tuberosity.

Insertion of Quadratus Femoris?

Posterior surface of femur (quadrate tubercle).

Action of Quadratus Femoris?

External rotation; hip adduction; stabilizes femoral head.