Alcohol Basics: Standard Drinks, Metabolism, and Health Risks
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20 Terms
Standard Drink Equivalent
A serving that provides exactly 14 grams of alcohol.
12 fl oz of Regular Beer
A standard drink equivalent for beer, typically containing about 5% alcohol.
5 fl oz of Table Wine
A standard drink equivalent for wine, typically containing about 12% alcohol.
1.5 fl oz Shot
A standard drink equivalent for 80-proof distilled spirits ('hard liquor'), containing about 40% alcohol.
Kilocalories in Alcohol
Alcohol provides 7 kilocalories per gram.
Simple Diffusion
The process by which alcohol moves through cell membranes; it requires no digestion or specific transport receptors.
Alcohol Absorption Locations
Approximately 20% is absorbed in the stomach, while the remaining 80% is processed in the small intestine.
Liver
The primary site of alcohol metabolism in the human body.
Liver Capacity
The liver can metabolize approximately 5-10 grams of alcohol per hour.
BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration)
A measurement of alcohol levels in the blood; it rises sharply when intake exceeds the liver's metabolic capacity.
Surrogate for systemic BAC
The amount of alcohol excreted through the lungs, which is directly related to blood content.
Moderate Drinking (Men)
Defined as up to 2 standard-sized drinks per day.
Moderate Drinking (Women)
Defined as up to 1 standard-sized drink per day.
Binge Drinking (Thresholds)
Consuming 4 or more drinks for women or 5 or more drinks for men in a single occasion.
FASD (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders)
A condition resulting from alcohol consumption during pregnancy that leads to learning disabilities and facial malformations.
Critical Window for Fetus
The period between 12-16 weeks of pregnancy when the most severe damage from alcohol occurs.
The 2-Hour Rule
The recommendation for breastfeeding individuals to wait at least 2 hours after consuming 1-2 drinks before feeding an infant.
Resveratrol
A phytochemical found in red wine that may support heart health.
Cardiovascular Benefits of Moderation
Low to moderate use may increase HDL (good cholesterol) and decrease platelet aggregation.
Acetaldehyde
A toxic intermediate product formed during the breakdown of alcohol before it is converted to Acetyl-CoA.