APUSH Period 9 Vocab

1980-Present day

Supply side economics/Reagonomics

Reagons economic approach of cutting taxes on the idea that the wealthy will reinvest that money in the private sector increasing production, jobs, and prosperity for all

trickle down theory

economic theory of the 1920s that the wealth of the upper class will eventually benefit all through increased soending of the upper classes, often compared to supply side economics to demonstrate the weaknesses of supply side economics.

Sandra Day O’Conner

1st female supreme court justice on the Rehnquest court appointed by reagon. conservative, limited row v Wade by increasing power of states and making law requiring minors to let parents know, limited but not removed affirmative action in jobs

George H W Bush

1988 election republican candidate, vice president to reagon, won election and campaigned on no new taxes, hard on time, national defense, appealed to middle class white voters. he increased taxes deoiste his promise when defeict got large by increasing the excise tax a on luxury items and the income tax on the wealthy to 31 percent to keep defnese spending high. voters felt betrayed. recession started in 199. called himself the education president and wanted a gentle and kind US but didn’t get much done for that, did pass the ada.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

1990 HW Bush law prohibiting discrimination against citizens with Disabilities in hiring, transport, and public accomadations

#me too

womens rights movement in 2014 focused on closing job gap causing gender pay gap and moreover getting laws passed to allow survivors of sexual harassment and assaultt to field complaints without relatation. the movement faced some opposition from those who though it went too far

black lives matter

movement for reforms in police training and arrest producdurs starting in 2103 and pickuping up again in 2020 with the murder of George floyde to combat race based police brutality and racial disparity in the justice system

dont ask don’t tell

clinton policy regarding LGBTQIA+ people in the military rather than ending disrciminatiotroy laws and practices facing these people in the military

Mikhail Gorbachev

leader of the Soviet union during regain, started in 1985 and went until it collapsed in 1991. he wanted some political freedom and market openness and negociated arms treaties with both reagon and Bush as he wanted to end the RMS race, his desire to decrease communism and tensions is often pointed to for a cause to the end of the cold war and decline of communism.

“Evil empire”

name for USSR given by reagon who wanted and was ready to use the military to increase cold war tension against the USSR

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

us plan to vuikl high tech system of lasors and practicle beams to dyestory enemy misles before they reach US territory. used under reagon admin with increase funding, other new weapons, and increased navy

star wars

nicjname for the strategic defense initiative from its critics because it could escalate the arms race, make the USSR make more misles, and was expensive

iran-contra affair

1979 Nicaragua Marxist group overthrows gov and US helps contras against this Marxist group. Dems in Congress no like so they said no more money to contras. then us sells antitank and craft misles to Iran for war with Iraq and to get us hostages released from Lebanon. then one of regions admin uses this money illegally (bc oncgress said no) to help contras which greatly decreased regions public oppinion

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLU)

group that planned to raid Israel so Israel with us approval invaded south Lebanon in 1982 and then the US sent some forces to help but removed them after 2 Arab terrorist attacks on a US embassy and Marines. this group hwas given land in an agreement in 1988 from Israel and they agreed to recognize issreal

INF agreement

gorbachev and reagon agreed to remove and destroy all intermideate range missles at a third summit in 1987.

Tianamen Square

place in Beijing where predomaccy movement in 1989 of students and workers was put down by the peoples republic of China government demonstrating them as violent and an authoritarian single party state

berlin wall

hated symbol of cold war dividing easta dn west Berlin tornn down by protestors in 1989 reuniting Germany in 1990

boris yeltsin

president of Russian republic after the USSR dissolved in 1981, he formed the common wealth of individual states with 9 former Soviet states, dismantled the communist party in Russia, and wanted a democracy and free market economy. he also negociated start 2

START 1

agreement in 1991 between gorbechov and Bush to decrease the nuclear warheads they each had too under 10,000 each

StART 2

agreement in 1992 between Yeltsin and Bush to decrease the number of nuclear warheads they have to under 3,000 each and for the US to give some relief money to russia

Eurpoean Union

unified market of 15 (27 by 2007) european countries 12/15 using the suro, including (by 2007) 10 former Soviet sattelites.

ethnic cleansing

process of mass murder of ethnicities in the former yogsolvia in the bulkan wars because of etcity and religous differences by Serbian dictator (specifically Muslims attacked) US and NATO helped stoop the blushed in Bosnia in 1995 and in Kosovo by 1999.

Bill Clinton

arkansas governor, baby boomer, moderate new demo campaigned for president and won in 1992 on the economy stupid with jobs, education, and healthcare. he was very moderate making compromises on the budget and spending wiand welfare with republic c Congress of his second term he also caused first national surplus since the 60s. he did well voter wise in the south and goty blue collar and elderly votes

brady bill

law made under Clinton in 1993 mandating 5 day waiting period on the purchase of handguns

anticrime bill

19994 clinton bill providing 30 billion in funding for police protection and crime prvention programs

national rifle association

lobbyist group angered by the Brady bill and ban of sale of assault rifles under Clinton, pro gun rights group

newt Gringrich

republican representative from Georgia and speaker of the house leading the republican revolution of 19994

republican revolution

1994 republican control of both houses of Congress led by speaker newt Gingrich with the goal of contract of America. they disliked the previous democratic Congress tax increasesa nd gun control policies

contract with america

list of policy priorities of the republican revolution Congress of 1994 with goal of decreasing government interventioon

globalization

process of global interconnectedness from increase trade, communications, and movement of capital from new technologies which leveled the playing Feild, flattened global competition, and promoted devipment of global and regional economic organizations. the developing world didn’t like this process as it resulted in some job loss to cheap labor in developing world makets

north American free trade agreement (NAFTYA)

created the free trade zone between the US, Mexico, and Canada in 1994 under Clinton. union leaders opposed this because they feared job loss to low wage mexico

World Trade Organization (WTO)

1994 organization to oversee trade agreements, enforce trade rules, and settle disputes

international monetary fund (IMF)

works with world bank to make loans to and supervise the economic policies of poorer nations with debt troubles

group of eight

the worlds largest industrial powers and economic powers in 2000 (Canada, US, UK, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, and Russia) although many eventually became surpassed thanks to globalization by China, India. and Brazil. tensions increased between the poor an rich countries of the world due to globalization and changing world markets

Immigration and nationality act of 1965

law that got rid of the race based immigration quota system of the 1920s and replaced it with a new system of immmiration prioritizing immigrants with families already in the US or jobs deemed critical. this also opened immgration to non European as less came post ww2 and more immigrants came from southeast Asia and Latin america

deffered action for childhood arrivals (DACA)

executive order issued in 2012 by Obama to protect children brought to the US from deeportation to cnotinue their education and apply for work permits. this was contervsial though it was paried with increased boarder gaurds, increased deportations, and overall resulted in less undocumented immigrants

asylum seekers

people immigrating in hopes for protection from bad and life threateningly dangerous conditions in their previous location. trump in his 2016 presidency tried to decrease the number of green cards granting these people safety and recourses in the US.