History Topic 1 Shell Summer Exams 2026

9th November 1918

Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated and fled to Holland

11 November 1918

The Armistice was singed by Erzberger and the First world war ended

10th November 1918

The Weimar government was formed

Who was the president between 1918 and 1919

Ebert

what started the stab in the back myth

Because of propaganda, German people had believed they were winning the war, so felt that they had been stabbed in the back

Who were the November Criminals

The group of people who had signed the armistice and later the ones that signed the TOV

26 August 1921

Erzberger was assassinated

19 January 1919

National elections were held

Strengths of the Wiemar constitution

Men and women over 20 could vote, it was lead by a chancellor and president

Weaknesses of the Wiemar constitution

Proportional representation, article 48

what was article 48

In an emergency the president could ignore the reichtag and rule by decree.

how many chancellors were there between 1919 and 1923

7

what were the main terms of the treaty of Versailles

Military restrictions, Germany could only have and army of 100,000 men

Reparations, in 1921 is was decided that Germany would have to pay reparations of 6.6 billion pounds

War guilt clause, Germany had to take sole responsibility for the war

League of Nations, it was a “winners club” that Germany could not join till 1926

Territorial loss, Germany lost 13% of their territory and the rhinland was demilitarised

5th January 1919

the German communists occupied headquarters of the government newspaper and attempted to bring about a general strike

who were the communist/spaticist leaders

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Leibknecht

what did the communist uprising force Ebert to do

He had to get the right wing to crush the uprising for him

By the 15th of January…

the freikorps had crushed the uprising and killed Leibknecht and Luxembourg

March 1919

Communists organised another takeover, 1000 were shot by the freikorps