Infectious Processes & Alterations in Oxygenation

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary related to pathogens, transmission, and the immune system in the context of nursing.

Chain of Transmission

The process by which infections are spread, involving a reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible victim.

Reservoir

The natural habitat of the pathogen, where it lives and multiplies.

Portal of Exit

The path by which a pathogen leaves the reservoir.

Mode of Transmission

The way a pathogen is transmitted from one host to another.

Portal of Entry

The route through which a pathogen enters a susceptible individual.

Susceptible Victim

An individual who is at risk of infection due to weakened immune defenses.

Types of Pathogens

Categories of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms characterized by their shape, reaction to stains, and oxygen requirements.

Virus

Small infectious agents that contain genetic material (DNA or RNA) and require a host cell to replicate.

Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms capable of forming complex structures, which can cause infections.

Parasite

An organism that lives on or in a host and benefits at the host's expense.

Immune Function

The body's ability to resist disease, affected by factors like nutrition, age, and chronic illness.

Biochemical Barriers

The body's innate defenses, including enzymes and secretions that help prevent infections.

Mechanical Barriers

Physical defenses such as skin and mucous membranes that inhibit pathogen entry.

Hygiene

Practices that promote health and prevent the spread of infections.