BCM 25B

Signal Processing

Manipulating signals to enhance their quality, extract useful information, or prepare them for transmission.

Decryption

Converts ciphertext back into readable plaintext so authorized users can access the original information.

Routing

NL determines the best path for data across a network, similar to a navigation system, using routing protocols to deliver packets efficiently.

Logical Addressing

NL uses IP addresses to uniquely identify devices on a network, allowing the network layer to deliver data to the correct recipient.

Packet Delivery

NL breaks down messages into smaller packts for transmission and ensure reliable arrival. Sequence packets and checks for errors to fuarantee data integrity.

Connecting Networks

NL enables communication between different networks. Routing and addressing to connect separate networks.

Functions of NL

Routing, Logical Addressing, Packet Delivery, Connecting Networks

Three fundamentals for signal processing

Filtering, Amplification, Modulation.

Filtering

Remove unwanted signal components to isolate useful information.

Amplitude Modulation (AM)

Process of varying the amplitude of a carrier signal in proportion to a modulating signal while keeping the frequency constant. More susceptible to noise.

Frequency Modulation (FM)

Process of varying the frequency of the carrier signal in proportion to the modulating signal while keeping amplitude constant. It is more resistant to noise and interference but requires a larger bandwidth.

Transmitter

Converts information into a signal suitable for transmission.

Stages of Transmit Operations

Modulation, Amplification, Transmission.

Stages of Receiver Operations

Reception, Demodulation, Decryption.

Session Layer

Manage and control dialogues (sessions) between computers. Establish, maintain and terminate communication sessions. Ensure data exchange is properly coordinated.

COMSEC

Protects sensitive information; includes Confidentiality, Integrity, Authenticity, and Non-repudiation.

Encryption

Process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using a cryptographic algorithm and a key.

Key management

Process and protocols for handling cryptographic keys securely.

NETSEC (Network Security)

Involves securing communication networks against unauthorized access and misuse.

Modulation

Process of varying properties of a periodic wave form to encode information.

OSI model

A framework for understanding network interactions; layers include Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

Physical Layer

Foundation of communication process in a network, responsible for the raw data transmission.

Network Layer

Responsible for delivery of packets across networks through logical addressing and routing.

Transport Layer

Ensures reliable data transfer with connection management, error recovery, and flow control.

Switching

Forwarding data packets to the appropriate destination within a network.

Dynamic Routing

Adaptive routing that adjusts automatically based on network topology changes.

Advantages of Dynamic Routing

Easy to configure and effective for route selection/discovery.

Disadvantages of Dynamic Routing

Consumes more bandwidth and is less secure than static routing.

Subnet

Process of splitting a larger network into smaller pieces.

CIDR notation

Makes addressing more flexible using a slash and a number instead of fixed classes.

Troubleshooting

Process of diagnosing and identifying problems within a hardware or software device.

Two types of Ethernet cables

T568A and T568B.

Differences between T568A and T568B

Wire positioning, usage and standards, functionality.

Frequency range of AN/PRC - 117G

Operates across VHF, UHF, and L-band frequencies.

Capabilities of AN/PRC - 117G

Provides secure voice and data communication, incorporates GPS.

Applications of AN/PRC - 117G

Used by ground forces for tactical communication.

Propagation

Sky waves bounce off the ionosphere to allow long-distance communication.

Polarization

Orientation of a radio wave, requiring alignment of transmitting and receiving devices.

Electromagnetic Interference

Noise and interference in crowded environments can degrade radio signals.

Lower Tier

Operates transparently in the background, handling tasks like framing, error detection, and physical transmission of data. It requires no active management from users or applications.

Power capacity of OE - 254

350 Watts of RF power.

Durability of OE - 254

Can withstand 90 MPH without ice and 60 MPH with 0.5 in of ice.

Portability of OE - 254

Suitable for various terrains or climates.

Satellite Access Authorization (SAA)

Allows for secure satellite communication for military bases.

Satellite

Space-based repeater for signals, amplifies and retransmits them.

Uplink

Transmission of signals from ground stations to satellites.

Downlink

Reception of signals transmitted from satellites back to earth.

Demodulation

Extracting original information from a modulated carrier wave.

Benefits for making data tidy

Simplifies analysis, reduces errors, enhances reproducibility.

SMART goal

Specific, Measurable, Action Oriented, Relevant, Timebound.

Storytelling in Data

Uses data as a foundation, with narrative to humanize insights and visualization to simplify explanations.