Unit 4: AP Networking

Layer 3

Handles transfer and routing of data, including converting frames to packets.

Routing Table

Details paths and costs for optimal data transmission routes.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

Translates network addresses for routing and connectivity.

Subnet Mask

Defines the range of IP addresses within a network, varies for Class A, B, and C.

Router

A device that determines the best path for data to be sent across networks.

IPv4 Address range Class A

0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255.

IPv4 Address range Class B

128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255.

IPv4 Address range Class C

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255.

PDU (Protocol Data Unit)

In the network layer, this is referred to as a packet.

Well-known Ports

Port numbers ranging from 0 to 1023, used by standard protocols.

Ports

Virtual endpoints for communication in a network.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Establishes reliable connections through a three-way handshake.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Connectionless protocol for faster data transmission without delivery guarantees.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Foundation for communication on the web, defining functions like GET and POST.

HTTPS (HTTP Secure)

Secure version of HTTP using SSL/TLS for encrypted communication.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Protocol for sending emails between servers.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Automatically assigns configuration information and IP addresses to devices on a network.

DNS (Domain Name System)

Translates logical hostnames to IP addresses for easier access.

Subnetting

The practice of dividing a larger network into smaller, manageable subnetworks.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)

Control protocol for managing multicast group memberships.

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

Microsoft protocol for graphical remote access to computers.

SSH (Secure Shell)

Secure protocol for encrypted access to remote servers.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

Map an IP address to a MAC address, used in network communication.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

Method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing.

Dynamic/Private Ports

Port numbers ranging from 49152 to 65535, used for private applications.

TLS (Transport Layer Security)

Cryptographic protocol ensuring privacy between communicating applications.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

Protocol for managing devices on IP networks for monitoring and setting alerts.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Creates a secure encrypted tunnel for safe remote access to networks.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

Protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services.