Atomic Strucutre and the Periodic Table

what is an atom?

an atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist

what is an element?

an element contains only one type of atom

what is a compound ?

a compound is two or more elements chemically combined

what does the central nucleus contain?

protons and neutrons

what does the electron shells contain?

the electron shells contain the electrons

relative charge of a proton

+1

relative mass of a proton

1

relative charge of a neutron

0

relative mass of a neutron

1

what is the relative mass of an electron?

1/1836

what is the relative charge of an electron?

-1

how many electrons can you have in the first electronic shell?

2

how many electrons can you have in the second and third electronic shell?

8

how many electrons can you have in the fourth electronic shell?

2

what are the subatomic particles?

protons , neutrons and electrons

what is the mass number?

the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

what is the atomic number?

the atomic number is the number of protons in an atom

what is an element?

an element is a pure substance consisting of atoms that all have the same number of protons

what is an isotope?

an isotope is an atom of the same element with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons

where are metals on the periodic table?

on the left side

where are metals on the periodic table?

on the right side

what do metals form?

positive ions

facts about metals?

metals are conductors, they have high melting and boiling points , ductile and malleable.

what do non metals form?

negative ions

facts about non metals

they are insulators and have low melting and boiling points .

who is mendeleev and what did he do?

Mendeleev was a russian chemist who formulated the periodic law and created the first periodic table of elements in 1869. He left gaps for undiscovered elements

who is james chadwick and what did he discover

James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 - an electrically uncharged subatomic particle that’s found in the nucleus of atoms

john daltons solid sphere model

John Daltons model suggested that all matter is made of tiny invisible indestructible spheres that cannot be divided.

JJ Thompsons Plum Pudding Model

JJ Thompson viewed an atom as a solid sphere of positive charges with negatively charged electrons embedded inside

Ernst Rutherford Nuclear model

Ernst Rutherford described the atom as mostly empty space with a tiny dense and positively charged center containing nearly all the atoms mass

Niels Bohr Model

Bohrs model depicts the atom as a small positivley charged nucleus surrounded by electrons traveling in discrete circular orbits

how are elements arranged ?

in order of atomic weight

what do elements in the same group have in common?

rey has the same number of outer shell electrons

what do elements in the same period have in common?

they have the same number of electron shells