Marriage and cohabitation
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39 Terms
What is secularisation?
The process where religion and religious institutions lose influence in society.
How has secularisation affected marriage?
Less religious pressure to marry and fewer church weddings.
What percentage of marriages now occur in churches?
Less than 30%.
What is cohabitation?
Couples living together without being married.
Why has cohabitation increased?
Fear of divorce and reduced stigma around living together.
What is a “trial marriage”?
Using cohabitation to test compatibility before marriage.
What is serial monogamy?
A series of monogamous relationships over time rather than one lifelong partner.
Who introduced the idea of confluent love?
Giddens.
What is confluent love?
Relationships continue only while both partners receive satisfaction.
How does confluent love affect relationships?
Relationships become less permanent and more conditional.
What is individualisation?
People prioritising personal choice and fulfilment over traditional expectations.
How has feminism affected marriage?
Women have greater independence and less financial dependence on men.
How has feminism changed family roles?
More dual-earner and symmetrical families.
Who developed the idea of the symmetrical family?
Young and Willmott.
What is the symmetrical family?
A family with more equal roles between partners.
What is the instrumental role?
The breadwinner/provider role traditionally performed by men.
What is the expressive role?
The emotional and caring role traditionally performed by women.
Who argued for the instrumental and expressive roles?
Parsons.
What did Parsons believe about the family?
The family performs primary socialisation and stabilisation of adult personalities.
Why might functionalists worry about declining marriage?
It may weaken social stability and family functions.
What did Chester mean by the neo-conventional family?
A modern nuclear family with dual earners and more equality.
Did Chester believe the nuclear family disappeared?
No
What evidence supports marriage decline?
People marry later and marriage rates have fallen.
Why do people marry later today?
Education careers financial pressures and individual choice.
What is one criticism of Giddens?
Many people still seek long-term stable relationships and marriage.
How can greater personal choice affect marriage?
People are freer to leave unhappy relationships.
What is one reason divorce may increase cohabitation?
People may avoid marriage due to fear of divorce.
How has social stigma changed regarding cohabitation?
Cohabitation is now more socially accepted.
Which perspective supports family diversity most?
Postmodernism.
Which perspective argues the family benefits capitalism?
Marxism.
Which perspective argues family changes increased women’s freedom?
Feminism.
What is primary socialisation?
Teaching children society’s norms and values.
What does stabilisation of adult personalities mean?
The family provides emotional support for adults.
Why are civil marriages important in evaluation?
Marriage still exists even without religion.
What did Giddens argue modern relationships are based on?
Choice and satisfaction rather than duty.
What is one reason same-sex relationships increased visibility?
Greater social acceptance and legal equality.
How can cohabitation challenge traditional family norms?
It separates partnership from formal marriage.
What is one strength of modern relationships according to postmodernists?
Greater freedom and personal fulfilment.
What is one criticism of secularisation explanations?
People may marry for legal cultural or personal reasons instead of religion.