B Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Chapter 26

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

-"ascending" or "descending" location dependent on where infection starts in the urinary system

-E. coli causes 80%

--other fecal enteric organisms: Proteus and Klebsiella.

-nosocomial infections due to procedures like catheterization

Bacterial Vaginitis

-Gardnerella vaginalis (normal flora): if pH of vagina increases, interacts with anaerobic bacteria to cause infection

-diagnosis: microscope smear of vaginal epithelial cells covered with Gardnerella "clue cells"

Gonorrhea (infection)

-Neisseria gonorrhoeae

-virulence factors: attachment pili, endotoxin, Opa proteins suppress T cell activation, protease that cleaves IgA antibody

--survives inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes

-humans, only natural host

-transmitted by asymptomatic carriers

-can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

-infection can spread, cause eye infections

-can survive in pus for hours and on fomites (ex. sheets)

Syphilus

-Treponema pallidum is transmitted sexually and through saliva

-rapidly enters the bloodstream.

-stages of the disease are:

1. Incubation.

2.Primary: where a chancre (sore) is present

3. Secondary - location of organism in the circulation, causing inflammatory response, skin eruptions, pustular rashes, mucous patches in the mouth

-person is highly contagious, organisms high in number in the lesions.

4. Latent - no symptoms

-congenital syphilis: can cross placenta and infect fetus, causing neurological damage

5. Tertiary - All organs of body can be damaged.

-Gumma: Infected tissue "walled off" from the circulation (inflammatory response)

Chlamydia Infections

- Chlamydia trachomatis (intracellular organism)

-other mycoplasmal infections include: Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis (apart of the normal flora)

-causes nongonococcal urethritis (NGU))

-can lead to PID

-can colonize placenta and cause abortions

distreptococcal pharyngitis and diptheria

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