SGT 102 Mod 4 Fuller Ch 6 & Howe Ch 6 Quiz Study Guide

Contrast Media

Radiopaque solutions (i.e., not penetrated by x-rays) that are introduced into body cavities and vessels to outline their inside surfaces.

Retrograde Pyelography

A contrast medium is instilled into the urinary tract for visualization of the bladder, ureter, and kidney.

Uses: to identify stones, strictures, tumors, or other anomalies of the urinary system.

odine

a topical antiseptic solution, commonly used to disinfect the patient's skin around the surgical site before an operation

Systolic Pressure

The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of vessels during the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

-Greater pressure pumped through the L.Ventricle

Diastolic Pressure

The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels during the resting phase of cardiac contraction.

-Lower pressure-when heart relaxes

Brachial Pulse

Pulse taken from the brachial artery toward the middle of the inside of the elbow.

Radial Pulse

the pulse felt at the wrist, specifically by palpating the radial artery,

Carotid Pulse

the rhythmic pulsation of the carotid arteries, which are located on either side of the neck. 

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

measures the electrical activity of the heart and displays it on a graph

Oximetry

a test used to measure the oxygen level (oxygen saturation) of the blood

Sphygmomanometer

An instrument used to measure blood pressure

Stethoscope

a medical instrument used to listen to internal body sounds, such as heartbeats, lung sounds, and blood flow

Electroencephalography (EEG)

measures the electrical activity of the brain. 

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood pumped during ventricular contraction.

Temperature (Oral, Rectal, Axilla, Measurement)

• Oral: under  tongue (given to kids & adults )

•  Normal temp at rest is 98.6°F (37°C). 

• normal range is 96.4° to 99.1°F (35.8° to 37.3°C)

• Rectal: in booty (given to infants & young kids and elderly)

• temperature varies from 0.7° to 1°F (0.4° to 0.5°C

• Used when no other method is available. 

• Axilla: under armpit (newborns & young kids )

• Readings are 0.5° to 1°F (0.3° to 0.6°C)

• Measurement:

• Recorded in degrees celsius 

Dyes that Mark Tissues

• Methylene blue

• Gentian violet

TNM Staging Classification System (Tumor, Node, Metastasis)

• T (Tumor): Represents the size and extent of the primary tumor. 

• N (Node): Indicates whether cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. 

• M (Metastasis): Describes if the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

Lugol Solution

• Schiller test for cervical dysplasia

• Overactive thyroid gland function

• Iodine deficiency

• Protect thyroid gland from effects of radiation

Monsel Solution

used to identify abnormal tissue cells in gynecological and urogenital procedures.

Acetic Acid

• A natural acidic substance found in vinegar

• Not a coloring staining agent, but tissue appears whiter than surrounding healthy tissue 

• Uses: help identify Cervical dysplasia for laser excision

Isovue (Iopamidol)

• used for intravascular and body cavity administration for radiographic procedures.

• Isosulfan Blue

•  Commonly called Lymphazurin

•  Administered subcutaneously

•  Maps out lymphatic vessels

• Sentinel node biopsy for breast tumors

• Dissolves in water 

Indigo Carmine

• Blue dye

• given intravenously to  Color urine for verification

•  Cystoscopy

• Verify ureteral orifices ex.) bladder integrity  & kindney funct.

• Usually given by IV

• demonstrate kidney function during procedures near the kidney or renal vessels.

Gentian Violet

 Mark incision lines.

Label contain w/ meds 

Antifungal

Purple dye

Lymphazurin

sterile, aqueous solution for the delineation of lymphatic vessels.

Methylene Blue

• Detects bladder injury

• Assesses tubal patency

• Used to mark breast tissue

• Marks skin incisions

• Being replaced by marking pens for this purpose

• Available in a 1% solution, packaged in 1-mL and 10-mL vials or 5-mL ampules.

• used in surgery during procedures on the urinary bladder, uterus, or fallopian tubes.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A diagnostic technique that uses radiofrequency signals and magnetic energy to produce image

Flouroscopy (X-Ray) 

 radiological technique that provides real-time images of an anatomical region

Ultrasound

A technology that transforms high-frequency wave energy into visual images on a screen.

Electrolyte

Molecules of inorganic substances are capable of splitting to yield a charged particle or substance

Coagulation Test

a blood test that measures how long it takes for blood to clot

Computed  Tomography (CT or CAT Scan)

An imaging technique that allows physicians to obtain cross-sectional x-ray views of the patient. (result is a CT scan.)

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A blood test that measures specific components, including the hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, and white blood cells.

Hematocrit

The ratio of red blood cells to plasma, measured as a percentage.

Hemoglobin

The oxygen-carrying molecule found in red blood cells. (measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL).)

Radiolucent

A substance that is penetratable by x- rays

Radiopaque

A substance that is impenetrable by x-rays.

Tumor Marker

 An antigen present on the tumor cell, or a substance (protein, hormone, or other chemical) released by cancer cells into the blood.