Cognitive Psychology

UWSP Psyc 331, Cognitive Psychology

acquisition, storage, transformation, and use

cognition is the ___(4words)___ of knowledge

empirical

_______ evidence is obtained by careful observation & experimentation

Wundt

this person first proposed introspection , in combination with reaction time to study structure

ebbinghaus

this person scientifically studied human memory (by studying time between presenting different materials, and used random pairing of letters on himself)

mary whiton calkins

the first female president of the APA

mary whiton calkins

this person proposed the recency effect and emphasized non-sterile research

william james

wrote “principles of Psyc” (with detailed descriptions of everyday experiences, which emphasized the mind’s active inquiries) in spite of Wundt’s introspection & ebbinghaus’ syllables

objective, observable reactions to stimuli

behaviorism concentrates on…

guideline that specifies exactly how a concept should be measured

an operational definition is a…

gestalt psychology

humans have basic tendencies to actively organize what we see, and the whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts

gestalt

an overall quality that transcends individual elements in importance

information processing

cognitive psychology is the study of

structuralism

this school of cog psyc breaks down the mind’s system into components

structuralism

this school of cog psyc was proposed by Wundt in Germany

Frederic bartlett

this person did research on memory, yet rejected ebbinghaus’ letters and used lengthy stories instead.

active and constructive process

frederic bartlett proposed that our memory is an _______, meaning we interpret and transform meaningful info and integrate it with familiar info/experiences

functionalism

this school of cog psyc aims to discover the function of processes/systems, influenced by Darwin’s evolution theories

associationism

this school of cog psyc assumes that complex mental processes can be explained by the associative links formed between multiple ideas

jean piaget

this person was interested in the devleopment of children, and proposed that kids must actively engage to learn, and that their cognitive strategies change with age

information processing approach

(1) our mental processes are similar to that of a computer, & (2) info progresses through cognitive systems in a series of stages, and travels one step at a time

atkinson-shiffron

the ______ model assumes that info passes from external input —> short-term/working memory —> long-term memory

ecological

____ validity assumes that the conditions in which research is conducted are similar/identical to the natural setting that the results will be applied

between-groups

a _____ design assigns every participant one condition, and those with the same conditions are compared with those receiving different conditions

within-groups

a _____ design assumes participants receive every condition and results from each trial are compared

sensation

organs picking up info from external stimuli

perception

interpretation / understanding / organization of received stimuli

data

bottom-up is _____ driven processing

conceptually

top-down is _____ driven processing

simple to difficult or small to large

bottom-up processing interprets information from…

prior experiences

top-down processing utilizes information from ______ to interpret new info

template

the _____ theory of object recognition states that stimuli are categorized into pre-existing and pre-learned frameworks

feature

the _____ theory of object recognition states that we recognize objects by compiling them into familiar features (when we see objects with similar features, similar areas of the brain light up based on what’s displayed)

recognition by components

the _____ theory of object recognition (by Biederman) states that we recognize objects by understanding them in terms of 36 geons

view based

the _____ theory of object recognition states that we view an obj based on our past experiences with the object. (seeing many angles and conceptualizing a unique pov)

fusiform gyrus

the ______ near the temporal lobe is most utilized for recognizing and perceiving faces

prosopagnosia

the inability to recognize / perceive faces (due to damage in the fusiform gyrus)

thatcher effect

the inability to recognize inverted / distorted facial features when viewing the face upside-down

cross race bias

the socialized phenomenon of better recognizing differences in features for the race you are most commonly around