Chemical Methods of Control

The MOST COMMON form of CHEMICAL agents utilized for microbial control are what?

Liquids

What are the major classes of chemicals?

1) Halogens 2) Phenols 3) Alcohols 4) Hydrogen Peroxide 5) Detergents 6) Heavy Metals 7) Aldehydes 8) Acids & Bases

________ are elements w/ one open valence electron spot making them very reactive oxidizers

Halogens

What are the most common types of halogens used?

1) Chlorine 2) Iodine

_______ play an important historical role but are not used as much in modern day; they were the first major antimicrobial chemical used thought it has toxic and irritating effects.

Phenols

Which of the chemical agents utilized for microbial control are sporicidal (sterilizers)?

1) Halogens 2) Hydrogen Peroxide 3) Aldehydes

_______ are largely used as antiseptic agents; most forms of these are not as effective or are toxic to tissues and therefore milder forms have greatest efficacy at 70% and 1/3 water.

Alcohols

What are the common alcohols used?

1) Ethyl 2) Isopropyl

From the two common alcohols which one is typically safer and hence more common?

Ethyl

_________ _________ is sporicidal at high concentrations enabling it to be used to sterilize delicate, reusable medical instruments by means of vaporization.

Hydrogen Peroxide

_________ help to dissolve nonpolar things in water like lipid membranes of bacteria due to its molecular features: hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.

Detergents

What is a popular example of a detergent with the ability to dissolve nonpolar substances due to molecular properties?

Quats

______ ______ work through the oligodynamic effect; we’re not sure how it works, but microbes just do not grow in their presence.

Heavy metals

This heavy metal is an organic mercury compound that is used as a preservative in vaccines and prevents microbial growth.

Thimerosal

The heavy metal ____ is a topical antiseptic that has various uses.

silver

The heavy metal SILVER in ____ is woven into textiles that, through the oligodynamic effect, prevent or slow bacterial growth, keeping garments fresher for longer.

fabric

The heavy metal _______ silver accumulates in the skin & as it gets exposed to sunlight it turns dark appearing blue on the skin (ingested by those believing in its health benefits despite evidence to the contrary).

colloidal

_________ can also be sporocidal with long-term exposure; glutaraldehydes are an example of its sterilizing effect.

Aldehydes

_____ and _____ work by altering pH causing proteins to denature and the cell dies as a result.

Acids, Bases