NU310 med surg exam 2

What are the two tracts of the respiratory system?

Upper respiratory tract and Lower respiratory tract.

What is the primary function of the upper respiratory tract?

To warm and filter air.

What is the primary function of the lower respiratory tract?

Gas exchange.

What process involves delivering oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide?

Respiration.

What common assessment findings indicate respiratory distress?

Dyspnea, cough, sputum production, pain, wheezing, hemoptysis, clubbing fingers, cyanosis.

List some risks associated with respiratory issues.

Asthma, atypical mucus, allergies, obesity.

What type of lung sounds are characterized by coarse or fine noises?

Crackles.

What kind of lung sounds are described as a honking sound?

Rhonchi.

What lung sound is characterized by high-pitched whistling?

Wheezing.

What sounding lung noise is high pitched and loud?

Stridor.

What test measures lung function?

Pulmonary function test (PFT).

What are normal arterial blood gas (ABG) values for paO2?

80-100 mmHg.

What constitutes normal oxygen saturation levels?

95-100%.

What is considered mild oxygen saturation deficiency?

94% saturation.

What is the threshold for severe oxygen saturation deficiency?

85% saturation.

What is the goal of oxygen therapy regarding paO2?

To achieve paO2 over 80 mmHg.

What is the treatment for patients experiencing hypercapnia for COPD?

Caution with oxygen therapy.

What is a nasal cannula primarily used for?

Delivering low flow oxygen (1-6 L/min).

What does the Venturi mask deliver?

High flow oxygen (4-8 L/min).

What is the most common upper airway disease?

Rhinitis.

What are the types of rhinitis?

Allergic or non-allergic.

What are common symptoms of rhinitis?

Nasal itching, sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea.

What treatment options exist for rhinitis?

Eliminating the cause, desensitization, fluid intake, humidified air, medications.

What is rhinosinusitis characterized by?

Infection and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

What are three classifications of rhinosinusitis?

Acute, subacute, chronic.

What is a common symptom of acute rhinosinusitis?

Purulent nasal discharge.

What medications are used to treat bacterial rhinosinusitis?

Antibiotics.

What causes pharyngitis?

Viral or bacterial infections, sometimes fungi.

How is bacterial pharyngitis treated?

With antibiotics, such as penicillin.

What is a common symptom of tonsillitis?

Sore throat.

What are common treatment methods for tonsillitis?

Fluids, antispasmodic agents, antibiotics, saltwater gargles, tonsillectomy.

What symptoms might suggest adenoiditis?

Mouth breathing, earache, foul breath.

What is the intervention for peritonsillar abscess?

Tonsillectomy and possible needle aspiration.

What characterizes laryngitis?

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx.

What is a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

Loud snoring.

What is a major complication of untreated OSA?

Increased cardiovascular disease risk.

What is epistaxis?

Hemorrhage of the nose.

What characterizes atelectasis?

Collapse of alveoli diagnosed by x-ray.

What are the manifestations of atelectasis?

Dyspnea, cough, sputum production.

What intervention may help treat atelectasis?

Frequent turning and mobilization.

What inflates the alveoli in patients recovering from atelectasis?

Incentive spirometry.

What does bronchitis result in?

Acute inflammation of the tracheal and bronchial tree.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

Fever, chills, tachycardia, diminished breath sounds.

What is pleural effusion?

Fluid accumulation in the pleural space.

What is the treatment for pleural effusion?

Chest tube insertion or thoracentesis.

What is mottled or dulled in sensation with diminished breath sounds?

Pneumonia.

Which method is utilized to clear upper respiratory infections?

Saline irrigation.

What is an essential nursing diagnosis related to lung disease?

Impaired gas exchange.

What is a common preventive measure against respiratory infections?

Vaccination.