Histopathology ang Cytologic Techniques Moving Exam

"Histo" means

tissue

"Pathos" means

suffering

"Logos" means

study

microtome

paraffin oven

microtome knife

tissue cassette

coplin jar

tissue floatation bath

embedding mold

forceps

mature superficial cell

intermediate cells

parabasal cells

navicular cell

pregnancy cell

endocervical glandular cell

endometrial cells

-The tissue is immersed in isotonic solution in a watch glass and carefully dissected with a needle and separated using an applicator stick. -It is examined unstained or stained.

Teasing or Dissociation

-Small pieces of tissue is placed in a slide and forcibly compressed with another slide or a cover glass. -A supravital dye is added if necessary.

Squash Preparation (Crushing)

-USing anapplicatorstick or wire loop, thematerial is rapidlyandgently appliedinadirector zogzag linethroughout theslide.

Streaking

A selected portion of the material is transferred to a clean slide and mucus strands teased apart with an applicator stick leaving a moderately thick preparation on the slide

Spreading

-Done by placing a drop of secretion or sediment upon one slide and facing with another clean slide. it is then pulled apart in opposite directions ensuring a uniform distribution of specimen onto both slides.

Pull-Apart

-Surface of freshlycutpiece of tissueis broughtinto contact andpressedon to a surfaceof acleanglass slide.

TouchPreparation

what is this ? what is the temp of this device and its optimum working temp.

Cryostat

-10 to -20’C

optimum temp: -18 to -20’C

state the conventional tissue processing

Fixation

Decalcification

Dehydration

Clearing

Impregnation

Embedding

Trimming

Section-Cutting

Staining

Mounting

Labeling

what is the ratio of fixative to specimen >

20:1

Main Factors Involved in Fixation

volume

hydrogen ion conc.

Temp.

Thickness of section

osmolality

Duration of fixation

Time interval

two basic mechanism involved in fixation

Additive Fixation

Non-additive Fixation

give Microanatomical Fixatives

10% formal saline

10% neutral buffered formalin

Heidenhain 's Susa

Zenker 's solution

Zenker-formal (Kelly 's solution)

Bouin's solution

Brasil's solution

give nuclear fixatives

Flemming's fluid

Carnoy's fluid

Bouin's fluid

Newcomer's fluid

Heidenhain's Susa

give cytoplasmic fixatives

Flemming's fluid without acetic acid

Kelly's fluidFormalin with "post-chroming"

Regaud 's fluid (Muller 's fluid)

Orth 's fluid

give histochemical fixatives

Formal Saline 10%

Absolute Ethyl Alcohol

Acetone

Newcomer's Fluid

most commonly used in routine histology for fixation

10% neutral buffered formalin

in fixation,

black to brown deposits seen in tissue under the microscope.??

it can be removed by ?

acid formaldehyde hematin

can be removed by alcoholic KOH

ratio of dehydrating agent and tissue

10:1

most commonly used clearing agent

xylene

in clearing what will happen if theres incomplete dehydration

it will turns milky

xylene substitutes includes:

toluene

terpenes

limolene

orange oil

coconut oil

bleached palm oil

melting point of paraffin wax in routine work is ?

56’C

paraffin oven is maintained at a temp of ?

55-60’C

give types of impregnating media

paraffin

celloidin

gelatin

plastic

substitute of paraffin wax

paraplast 56-57’C

Embeddol 56-58’C

Esterwax 46-48’C

Methods of Impregnation

Manual Processing

Automatic Tissue processing

Vacuum Embedding

h & e staining

nuclei

blue to blue black

h & e staining

karyosome

dark blue cytoplasm

h & e staining

proteins in edema fluid

pale pink

h & e staining

RBC, Eosinophilic granules, keratin

bright orange red

h & e staining

basophil cytoplasm, plasma cells, osteoblast

purplish pink

h & e staining

cartilage

pink or light blue to dark blue

h & e staining

calcium and calcified bone

purplish blue

rocking (cambridge) microtome

inventor:

year:

paldwell trefall

1881

rotary microtome

inventor:

year:

MInot

1885-56

sliding microtome

inventor:

year:

Adams

1789

Freezing microtome

inventor:

year:

queckett

1848

Types of Microtome knives and their lengths

Plane Concave - 25mm in length

Biconcave - 120mm in length

Plane Wedge - 100mm

microtome knives angle and degree

Clearance angle 5-15’

wedge angle 15’

bevel angle 27-32’

rake angle 90’

microtome parts

block holder

knife carrier and knife

pawl, ratchet feedwheel and adjustment screws

disposable molds

peel-away

plastic ice trays

paper boat

types of honing device

belgium yellow

arkansas

fine carborundrum

give aqueous media

apathy’s medium

farrant’s medium

glycerin jelly

resinous media

canada balsam

DPX

Clarite

XAM

indirect stain

mordant

potassium alum

ehrlich’s hematoxylin

iron-weigert hematoxylin

indirect stain

accentuator

KOH-loefflers methylene blue

Phenol-carbon thionine

fuschin