Chapters 16,17, 18,19+Key Commands+Americana to Korinna

Color

Pure Hue of pigment

Tertiary Colors

A primary mind with a Secondary Color; Red violet, etc

Complementary Colors

Colors directly across from each other on the color wheel.

Vibrating Colors

Using complements in complex designs right next to each other.

Projecting / Receding Colors

Warm colors project forward in a design; cool colors recede.

Monochromatic

A Hue plus all its tints and shades.

Using White Space

Allow white space to take up a significant part of the layout.

What Color should you avoid for type on a white page?

Yellow, light pink or light blue.

Runovers after Bullets

Should be flush with type above.

Ideal amount of leading

At least three points larger than the text size.

The standard point size for type is

Either 8.5 to 9.5 point type depending on the x-height.

State abbreviations

All caps with no periods.

Hyphens (off keyboard)

Show breaking of syllables over two lines.

Bullets

Always a space after the bullet before starting text.

Key command to wrap type after bullet

Command backslash

A Hard Return

is a regular return and it causes a paragraph indent on the next line.

A Soft Return

is a shift return and it returns the cursor to the left margin on the next line.

Bad Breaks

When there is period at the end of a line followed by a one or two letter word such as It or If or As.

Hyphenation Bad Breaks

When a long word is hyphenated, and hyphen falls after the first syllable as in es-tablishment.

The longer your line of text,

the wider the leading should be.

Justified copy

is the second easiest to read.

The quality of the rag

can be adjusted by changing the tracking, adjusting the column width a bit, or replacing a short word with a long word.

Rivers

are vertically aligned enlarged word spaces in justified copy.

Rivers can be alleviated by adjusting

the tracking, adjust the column width a bit or by replacing a short word with a longer one.

When using centered type

address the phrasing of each line, so the breaks occur at natural places.

Never allow two hyphens in a row

at the end of subsequent lines of type.

Never track your body copy out too wide,

because you lose the word units and it is harder to read.

Set Solid

The point size and the leading are the same. 9/9.

You can shape your text boxes

to add interest to your layout.

Tracking your text type at -2 up to +10

usually about the best, but it depends on the particular font.

Widow

when the last line of a paragraph is less than half the column width.

Orphans

when either the first or the last line of a paragraph

is in a different column from all the other lines.

Orphans are undesirable,

it makes sense to try to keep all the lines of a paragraph together.

Widows are undesirable

They interrupt the even tome of gray.

Bullet

is Option 8 •

Degree Symbol

is Option Shift 8 °

Cents Symbol

is ¢ Option Shift 4

Ellipsis is

Option ;

Aligning Type under a bullet

Command \

ParagraphDividers

Cartouche frames

Jarring Effect

Complementary colors cause the eye to vibrate back and forth.

Bellevue

Belwe

Benguiat

Berkeley

Bernhard

Berthold Script

Bodoni

Bookman

Caslon 540

Centennial

Century Schoolbook

Clarendon Bold

Prime Marks

Straight and designate inches and feet.

Quote Marks

Curly and designate something someone said.

Bullets, Parentheses and Dashes

Baseline shift up in All caps text -- they're designed to centered on the x-height

The goal of a designer is to make text

To create a smooth tone of gray on the page, using leading, tracking, column width and point size.

The ideal number of characters per line

needs to be more than thirty.

The ideal amount of leading

is at least three points larger than the text size.

Monospaced fonts were created for

for the typewriter and rely on squishing wide letters and stretching thin ones to make every letter the same one width.

Variable spaced fonts

those where each character is allotted the required width of the character.

In text it is correct to make titles

ITALIC

In text copy it is correct to use

only one space after a period.

Use Find/Change in text

to change two spaces after periods to one space.

En Dashes or Nut Dashes (short dashes)

Option dashes are longer than hyphens. Show lapse in time as in: 4-6pm or 1945-47.

Em Dashes or Mutt Dashes (long dashes)

Option shift dashes are longer than en dashes and used to show the author who wrote a quote — Ben Franklin

AM and PM

Set in small caps with no periods

An ellipsis

is spaced closer than period space period.

Ellipses

Used to show where text has been edited out.

When the text after a bullet runs over onto the next line

the second line of type has to be flush with the text above.

The key command to wrap type after a bullet

is Command backslash.

Bad Break

Period near end of line followed by short, one or two letter word starting next sentence: It, To, By, If or As. Soft return before the short word to bounce it to next line.

Flush left copy has a rag

On the right.

Rivers are vertically aligned

Enlarged word spaces in justified copy line up vertically.

Flush left type

Easiest setting to read, then justified copy.

Set Solid means

Point size of type and leading are the same. 9/9.

Tracking your text type at -2 or-3 is

Works well, but it depends on the particular font.

A Widow is when the last line of a paragraph

is less than half the column width.

Orphans are when either the first or the last line of a paragraph

is in a different column from all the other lines.

Pointer Ornaments

Arrows or hands that are used as directionals.

Bullet •

Option 8

Degree Symbol °

Option Shift 8

Cents Symbol ¢

Option Shift 4

Aligning Type

Command \

Grid

Lines are for reference in layout.

The more columns there are on the grid,

The more flexible the grid can be.

A six column grid allows the designer

Place type or images in one, two or three columns across.

Widows

should be avoided in text.

Paragraph Ornaments

Cartouche frame

Century Shoolbook

Clarendon

Harting

Helvetica

Industrial 756

Cheltenham

Head Space

Margin at top of page.

Foot Space

Margin at bottom of page.

Thumb Space

Left and right outer margins where we hold a book.