Practice Pharmacology and Anesthesia

What preoperative drug is given to prevent deep-vein thrombosis in the bariatric patient?

Heparin

Which piece of equipment is required to administer a Bier block?

Double-cuffed tourniquet

What are antibiotics given to prevent postoperative infection considered?

Prophylactic

Epidural anesthesia involves administering an anesthetic agent into the space surrounding the?

Dura mater

Thrombin must be reconstituted with?

Sterile water or saline

Childbirth labor may be induced by?

Oxytocin (Pitocin®)

Which of the following is an action of antimicrobials?

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

Which coagulant agent is of bovine origin and is available in powder, sheet, or sponge form?

Collagen

What is a rapid-onset muscle relaxant used for intubation?

Anectine®

What is the chemical abbreviation for sodium chloride?

NaCl

Which specialty would involve the use of induced hypothermia?

Cardiothoracic

The fraction ¼ is equal to?

0.25

What drug classification is Demerol®?

Analgesic

Before draping for a cataract extraction procedure, the pupils are dilated using a?

Mydriatic

What strength does the drug become when adding 30 mL of injectable saline to 30 mL of 0.5% Marcaine?

0.25%

Which of the following is a common inhalation agent used in general anesthesia?

Isoflurane

Which medications inhibit blood coagulation?

Warfarin

What classification of drug reduces tissue inflammation?

Steroids

A microscopic blood exam that estimates the percentage of each type of white cell within a sample is called?

Differential blood count

The effects of a drug on the body are called?

Pharmacodynamics

A postoperative anesthesia complication when extubating a patient is?

Laryngospasm

Which anticoagulant is used to flush an artery?

Heparin

What is the major side effect of thrombolytics?

Hemorrhage

The preoperative medication used to neutralize stomach acidity is?

Sodium citrate (Bi-Citra®)

Kantrex, bacitracin, or Ancef mixed with saline for irrigation would do which of the following?

Inhibit surgical site infection

Which drug category is Mannitol?

Hyperosmotic agents

Following administration, most of the drugs are converted to less active or inactive substances called?

Metabolites

What is the correct medication for treating glaucoma?

Pilocarpine

What should the CST do immediately after receiving medication?

Label the medication

What is the action of histamine (H2) blockers?

Decrease gastric secretions

Which sense is the last to be experienced by the patient during general anesthesia induction?

Hearing

What type of drug are cephalosporins?

Antibiotic

Which of the following is not an inhalation agent?

Atropine

How do narcotic analgesics produce their effects?

Minimizing pain perception

What is one of the six rights for correct drug handling?

Dosage

What is used to treat intraoperative ventricular arrhythmias?

Epinephrine

Which degree Celsius equals 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit?

37

What does millimeter (mm) measure?

Length

What is a combination of two liquids that cannot be mixed called?

Emulsion

What is a narcotic antagonist?

Naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan®)

What type of anesthesia combines inhalation and intravenous drugs?

Balanced

What is 37 degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit?

98.6

What is the action of antagonist drugs?

Counteract the action of another drug

Which syringe is most appropriate for administering a local anesthetic?

Luer-Lok

What is the only depolarizing muscle relaxant in clinical use?

Succinylcholine (Anectine®)

What are diatrizoate meglumine and iothalamate meglumine examples of?

Contrast media

Which is a local anesthetic eye drop?

Proparacaine hydrochloride (Alcaine®)

Why is parenteral drug administration often used in the operating room?

Bypasses absorption through the GI tract

What method of inhalation anesthesia allows complete rebreathing of expired gases?

Closed

What drug reverses the effect of muscle relaxants?

Prostigmin®

Which device maintains the airway around the relaxed tongue after extubation?

Oropharyngeal airway

What is dextran classified as?

Colloid

What type of drug is cefazolin (Ancef®)?

Antibiotic

How is heparin measured?

Units

What is sodium bicarbonate used for?

It is used as an emergency drug.

What are the most common side effects of drugs?

Diarrhea and constipation, dizziness and drowsiness, nausea and vomiting.

What type of anesthesia is commonly used for obstetric and perineal procedures?

Epidural

How long does thrombin maintain its potency?

3 hours

What is a dissociative drug that produces a trance-like state?

Ketamine (Ketalar®)

What is the term for injecting a local anesthetic to block a nerve?

Regional anesthesia

What is a parenteral route of drug administration?

Intravenous

Which route are antibiotics commonly administered intraoperatively?

Intravenous

What is a common tetracycline antibiotic?

Minocin®

What drug category contains medications with high potential for misuse?

Schedule II

What does the term 'onset' refer to in pharmacology?

The time between drug administration and the appearance of effects.

Which medication does not inhibit blood coagulation?

Calcium

What is an emergency drug given to stabilize ventricular fibrillation?

Isoproterenol

Intraoperatively, lidocaine with epinephrine may be contraindicated in which patients?

Hypertensive

What does the number 4 represent in the decimal 0.02457?

Thousandths

What medication is given to treat malignant hyperthermia?

Dantrolene

What is Omnipaque used for?

Angiography

What topical steroid is used to reduce inflammation after eye surgery?

Depo-Medrol

What should a CST state when passing a local anesthetic to the surgeon?

The name and concentration of the medication.

How many kilograms equals 357 pounds?

162

What is the term for arousal from general anesthesia after discontinuation?

Emergence

How many milliliters equal two liters?

2,000

What block involves medication injected into the subarachnoid space?

Spinal

What is streptokinase classified as?

Fibrinolytic

What is considered the operative stage of anesthesia?

Third

What is the pharmacological classification of Furosemide?

Diuretic

What is the pharmacological action of hydrocortisone?

Anti-inflammatory

What is the correct classification of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Anti-inflammatory

What is the Icc of solution equivalent to?

1 mL

What is the purpose of diuretics used intraoperatively?

Decrease intracranial pressure

How many millimeters are in one meter?

1,000

What do anticoagulants do?

Decrease the clotting time

What is compressed during rapid sequence induction and intubation?

Cricoid cartilage

What enzyme is used to soften the zonules of the lens before cataract surgery?

Alpha-chymotrypsin

What laboratory test determines the ratio of erythrocytes to whole blood?

Hematocrit

What does the American Hospital Formulary Service database provide?

Provides up-to-date information on most prescription medications

What enzyme extracted from bovine blood is used as a topical hemostatic agent?

Thrombin

Which medication can be used as a topical jelly during cystoscopy procedures?

Xylocaine

Which two drug classifications are combined to produce neuroleptanalgesia?

Tranquilizer and narcotic

Which medication is contraindicated for patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia?

Succinylcholine

What is the Celsius equivalent of a fever of 101° F?

38.3

What is the basic unit of length in the metric system?

Meter

What is the method used in biotechnology to develop drugs?

Genetic engineering

What is an electrical recording of heart activity called?

Electrocardiogram

What is a short-acting narcotic opioid given intramuscularly for preoperative sedation?

Meperidine

Where is the local anesthetic injected intra-articularly?

Within joint