medical termnology chapter 10

bone

organ made up of hard connective tissue with a dense outer layer and spongy inner layer

Bone marrow

material found in the cavities of bones; red marrow is responsible for blood cell formation, and yellow marrow serves as a storehouse for fat

bursa (pl.

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

cartilage

firm connective tissue primarily found in joints; covers the contacting surfaces of bones

ilium

upper wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis

ischium

lower posterior portion of the pelvis on which one sits

joint

structure forming the union between bones and often allowing for movement

ligament

flexible, tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach one bone to another at a joint

muscle

tissue composed of specialized cells with the ability to contract to produce movement

pubis

anterior portion of the pelvis

sternum

long, flat bone attached to the collarbone and first seven ribs, forming the center front of the chest wall (also called breastbone)

tendon

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

vertebral column

made up of bones called vertebrae (pl.) or vertebra (s.) through which the spinal cord runs. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides points of attachment for ribs and muscles. It has five sections, including the cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx

arthr/o

joint(s)

burs/o

bursa

carp/o

carpals, wrist (bone)

chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib(s)

crani/o

skull (cranium)

femor/o

femur (upper leg bone)

ili/o

ilium (upper wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis)

ischi/o

ischium (lower posterior portion of the pelvis on which one sits)

kinesi/o

movement, motion

kyph/o

hump (thoracic spine)

lord/o

bent forward (lumbar spine)

necr/o

death

oste/o

bone

phalang/o

phalanx (pl. phalanges) (any bone of the fingers or toes)

pub/o

pubis (anterior portion of the pelvis)

rachi/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

scoli/o

crooked, curved (spine)

spondyl/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

ten/o, tendin/o

tendon

troph/o

development

vertebr/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

-asthenia

weakness

-desis

binding, fusion

-malacia

softening

-schisis

split, fissure

inter-

between

my/o

muscle(s), muscle tissue

electr/o

electrical activity

path/o

disease

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

-a, -y

no meaning

-ac, -al, -eal, -ic

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-ectomy

surgical removal, excision

-gram

record, radiographic image

-ia

diseased state, condition of

-iasis

condition

itis

inflammation

-logy

study of

oma

tumor

-osis

abnormal condition

penia

abnormal reduction

plasty

surgical repair

-scopic

pertaining to visual examination

scopy

visual examination

tomy

cut into, incision

a-, an-

absence of, without

brady-

slow

dys-

difficult, painful, abnormal

hyper