The Gilded Age & The Progressive Era Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era for review and exam preparation.

Gilded Age

Period from the 1870s to 1900 marked by industrial growth and societal issues like poverty and corruption.

Industrialization

Rapid expansion of industries such as railroads, steel, and oil during the Gilded Age.

Vertical Integration

The process of controlling all steps of production to maximize efficiency and profit.

Horizontal Integration

The practice of buying out competitors to dominate a market.

Monopoly

A situation where a single company dominates an entire industry.

Social Darwinism

The application of 'survival of the fittest' to social and economic issues.

Gospel of Wealth

Andrew Carnegie's belief that wealthy individuals should use their riches to benefit society.

Nativism

Hostility towards immigrants, often leading to restrictive immigration policies.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

The first major federal immigration restriction limiting Chinese immigration.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who exposed corruption, poverty, and abuses in society.

Initiative

A process where citizens can propose laws directly.

Referendum

A mechanism allowing citizens to vote on proposed laws.

Recall

A procedure enabling voters to remove elected officials from office.

Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive president known for trust-busting and conservation efforts.

William Howard Taft

Continuation of progressive policies with more aggressive trust-busting than Roosevelt.

Woodrow Wilson

Progressive president who enacted significant reforms like the Federal Reserve Act.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in 1920.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, co-founded by W.E.B. Du Bois.

Prohibition

A nationwide ban on alcohol production, distribution, and sale instated by the 18th Amendment.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural, artistic, and intellectual explosion centered around African American identity in the early 20th century.