exam 4 to study

6/23/26 moore scholars

What is chromosomal deletion?

loss of a chromosome segment

What is chromosomal duplication?

repeat chromosome segment

What is Copy Number Variation (CNV)?

number of copies of genome

What does DNA typing do?

compares DNA sequence by analyzing tandem repeats

What is reciprocal translocation?

exchange chromosomes between non-homologus chromosomes

What does a single break effect?

phosphate backbone

What does double break effect?

DNA backbone

Give example of dna damage effecting bases?

chemicals can add bulky side groups

Ligase allows different DNA to become _____ DNA.

recombitant

What can phenotype depend on?

genotype and environment

What is somatic mutation?

in body cells, no offspring

What are transposable elements?

moveable DNA sequences

What is point mutation?

affects 1 nucleotide

What is genetic polymorphism?

DNA sequence variation

How does meiosis increase genetic variation?

random alignment of homologus chromosomes, when homologus chromosomes separate

meiosis changes ____ cell to _____ cell

diploid, haploid

fertilization changes ____ cell to _____ cell

haploid, diploid

When is chromosome number halfed in meiosis?

meiosis 1 (anaphase 1)

Meiosis 2 starts as ____ cell and ends as ___ cell

haploid,haploid

T/F: For females, cytoplasm divides unequally

True

T/F: Missing/extra chromosme often in cancer cells

True

What is Klinefelter syndrome?

men sterile, XXY

What is Turner syndrome?

X (only 1 chromosome), female

Whats meiosis 1 nondisjunction?

ALL gametes have extra/missing chromosomes

Mutations change ___.

DNA

What is recombination?

new allele combinations

What is allele frequency?

proportion of all alleles in one allele

How measure genetic variation in single-gene trait?

count people with different traits