OK State Animal Nutrition Exam 1

Calcium Functions

Bone Development

Muscle contractions

Blood clotting

Primary mineral in the body

Calcium Deficiencies

Rickets

Osteomalacia

Milk fever

Calcium Sources

Limestone

Oyster shells

Phosphorus Functions

Bone development

Nucleic acids

ATP

Phosphorus Deficiencies

Paralysis

Tetany

Reduced growth

Phosphorus Sources

Dicalcium Phosphate

Oyster Shells

Magnesium Functions

Bone Development

Energy metabolism

CNS

Magnesium Deficiencies

Grass tetany

Hyperirratablity

Convulsions

Magnesium Sources

Magnesium Oxide

Sodium/Potassium/Chlorine Functions

Electrolyte Balance

Sodium/Potassium/Chlorine Deficiencies

Drink Urine

Altered electrolyte balance

Stress, dehydration

Sodium/Potassium/Chlorine Sources

Salt

Sulfur-ruminants only Functions

Protein sythesis

wool growth

Sulfur- ruminants only Deficiencies

Poor wool growth

poor microbial protein synthesis

Sulfur- ruminants only Sources

Sodium Sulfate

Copper Functions

Red blood cell formation

Collagen formation

Antibiotic effect

Copper Deficiencies

Anemia

Toxic to sheep

Iron Functions

hemoglobin synthesis

Selenium Functions

Antioxident

Selenium Deficiencies

White muscle disease

Zinc Functions

Bone growth

Cofactor with insulin

Zinc Deficiencies

Parakeratosis

Nutrient

Any chemical (compound or element) in the diet that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes.

Nutrition

The study of the processes where feed nutrients are presented to and utilized by living cells for productive processes- maintenance, lactation, and growth.

Essential Nutrients

Can't be made in the body

Needed in the diet

Non-Essential Nutrients

Can be made in the body

Not needed in the diet

Essential Nutrient Classification

Water

Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipids/fats

Vitamins

Minerals

Glucose

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

Important in monogastrics

Fructose

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

Galactose

Monosaccharide Carbohydrate

Lactose

Disaccharide Carbohydrate

Sucrose

Disaccharide Carbohydrate

Maltose

Disaccharide Carbohydrate

Starch

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate

Amylose

Starch

Amylopectin

Starch

Cellulose

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate

Hemicellulose

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate

Lignin

Polysaccharide Carbohydrate only termites can eat

VFA'S

important in ruminants

Linoleic Acid

18 carbon lipid

Linolenic Acid

18 carbon lipid

Arachidonic Acid

20 carbon lipid

Phenylalanine

Essential Amino Acid

Valine

Essential Amino Acid

Threonine

Essential Amino Acid

Tryptophan

Essential Amino Acid

Isoleucine

Essential Amino Acid

Methionine

Essential Amino Acid

Histidine

Essential Amino Acid

Arginine

Essential Amino Acid

Leucine

Essential Amino Acid

Lysine

Essential Amino Acid

Calcium

Macro Mineral

Sodium

Macro Mineral

Potassium

Macro Mineral

Phosphorus

Macro Mineral

Chloride

Macro Mineral

Magnesium

Macro Mineral

Sulfur

Macro Mineral

Copper

Micro Mineral

Zinc

Micro Mineral

Iron

Micro Mineral

Iodine

Micro Mineral

Manganese

Micro Mineral

Selenium

Micro Mineral

Cobalt

Micro Mineral

Monlybdenum

Micro Mineral

Macro Minerals

% in the diet

Micro Minerals

ppm or ppb in the diet

Vitamin A

fat soluble vitamin for vision

Vitamin D

fat soluble vitamin for bones

Vitamin E

fat soluble vitamin for antioxident

Vitamin K

fat soluble vitamin for blood clotting

Biotin

water soluble vitamin

Choline

water soluble vitamin

Folic acid

water soluble vitamin

Niacin

water soluble vitamin

Pantothenic Acid

water soluble vitamin

Riboflavin

water soluble vitamin

Thiamin

water soluble vitamin

Vitamin B6

water soluble vitamin

Vitamin B12

water soluble vitamin

Vitamin C

water soluble vitamin

Water

needed in the largest quantities of all nutrients

Water Properties

Liquid over broad range of temperatures

Boils @ 100c, 212f

Freezing point @ 0c, 32f

High specific heat

high latent heat of evaportation

high surface tension

polar solvent

good solvent

Water Functions

Transport medium

Temperature regulator

Lubricant

Cell turgidity and shape

Hydrolysis

Water Requirements

Influenced by: Age, Environment, Diet, Stage of Production

Water Intoxication

When a animal hasn't had access to water, when they do they drink continuously until they become sick or die.

Protein Composition

%Nx6.25=%CP

Proteins

Made of amino acids

Proteins __________ be in the diet

must

10 Essential Amino Acids

vary by specie

Proteins have a

Peptide Bond

Glutigenic

can be made into gluctose

Lipids/Fats all have one thing in common

water insoluble

Fats have 2.25

times more energy than CHO

Saturated Fats

Single Bonds, bad fat

Un-Saturated Fats

Double Bonds, good fat

Monoglyceride

Glycerol Backbone with one fatty acid attached