angl

To contravene

 to go against or break a rule or law

To flout

•  to violate a law or convention or treaty ≠ not a contract – a person who flouts the law is called a scofflaw

To undermine

• “to seriously weaken” or “damage something”, especially an institution or system

To ship it in “dark” planes:

• describe secret or hidden transportation, especially when carrying out illegal activities

To embolden

• To encourage,to make someone brave or willing to take more risks

To misuse a power

• : to use something in an unsuitable way or in a way that was not intended

A vague and incoherent mishmash

 describe international law as unclear or poorly defined

“Might is right”

describe powerful countries acting according to force rather than the law

A tyrannical government

describe governments that are cruel, oppressive, and undemocratic

• To culminate:

• to reach a final point or result after a process or a series of events (≠ to begin)

TO DISPUTE

• to say that something is not true or not correct, and to argue against it. It is for a state or party to formally challenge another state’s claim, interpretation, or action (≠ to recognize)

• To ebb and flow:

• to rise and fall repeatedly over time, so that something increases at one moment and decreases at another

• A confusion/uncertainty:

a situation where things are not clear, so people are not sure what is true, what will happen, or how to understand something (≠ clarity)

• An upheaval:

• a sudden and big change that causes confusion or disorder, especially in society or government (≠ stability)

• A catch-22 situation:

a situation where you cannot solve a problem because the rules or conditions block every possible solution, you are stuck no matter what you do

• A private pension:

• money that a person saves during their working life in a personal or workplace plan, which is then paid back to them regularly after they retire.

• A mortgage:

a long-term loan from a bank or financial institution used to buy property (usually a house). The borrower repays the loan over time with interest, and the property serves as security for the loan.

• A tenant:

a person who rents and lives in a property owned by someone else (a landlord).

• A university degree:

an academic qualification awarded by a university after completing a course of higher education (e.g., a bachelor’s degree)

• AB social group

: In the UK social classification system, the AB group includes higher and intermediate managerial, administrative, and professional occupations (for example, senior managers, doctors, lawyers, engineers). It generally represents the most socio-economically advantaged group.

• To stake a claim (assert one’s right)

: to clearly say that something belongs to you or that you have a right to it.

• At stake (in question / at risk):

when something important could be lost or gained depending on what happens.

• A free-for-all (a disorganized situation):

a situation where there are no clear rules or control, and everyone acts for themselves.

• To hit a wall (a sudden loss of energy):

• to suddenly feel very tired or unable to continue doing something.

• To undercut (to weaken / undermine):

to slowly make something weaker or less effective, often by reducing its support or strength.

• To be landlocked (this country is landlocked):

to be completely surrounded by land, with no direct access to the sea or ocean.

• To trample over (to undermine)

• : treating something as unimportant and damaging it by ignoring or disrespecting it.

• A preemptive containment (a proactive prevention):

• acting early to stop a problem before it happens or spreads.

• To be unduly harsh (excessively severe):

more strict, severe, or unfair than is reasonable.

• To be innocuous (harmless)

• : not dangerous, not harmful, and not likely to cause problems.

• To be fanciful (unrealistic / imaginary)

: something based on imagination rather than reality; it is not likely to be true.

• Watershed moments

• (pivotal turning points / critical moments): very important moments that change the direction of events.

• A crackdown (a forceful suppression)

• : strong action taken by authorities to stop illegal or unwanted behavior.

• To annihilate

• to destroy or wipe out something completely so that nothing remains.

• To orchestrate

• : to carefully organize and arrange different actions so they work together.

• To secede / secession / seceding

• : when a region or group officially leaves a country or organization (to break away or to withdraw)

• To be indicted

• : officially charged or accused by a legal authority with a serious crime.

• Reparations

• : money or other payment given to repair harm or damage caused.

• Genocide

• : the deliberate extermination of a whole group of people because of their identity.

• Brutal

extremely savage, cruel, or harsh.

• To streamline

• : to make rules or processes simpler and more efficient

• To water down

• : to make a law or rule less strict or weaker

• To delay

• : to postpone something or move it to a later time

• To be unchecked:

• completely without any limits or controls

• Fundamental

• : most basic and important (when referring to rights)

• The cookie banner fatigue

• : the annoyance or tiredness caused by repeatedly having to accept cookie permissions

• Simplification

• : the effort or policy of reducing bureaucracy and making regulations easier

• Under the pretext (of)

• : using something as an excuse or false reason