Nur 111 medical term

a-, an-

without, not (Example: Apnea)

anti-

against (Example: Antibiotic)

brady-

slow (Example: Bradycardia)

tachy-

fast (Example: Tachycardia)

dys-

difficult, painful (Example: Dysuria)

hyper-

excessive, above (Example: Hypertension)

hypo-

below, deficient (Example: Hypoglycemia)

intra-

within (Example: Intravenous)

inter-

between (Example: Intercostal)

peri-

around (Example: Pericardium)

post-

after (Example: Postoperative)

pre-

before (Example: Prenatal)

sub-

under (Example: Subcutaneous)

trans-

across (Example: Transdermal)

-algia

pain (Example: Neuralgia)

-ectomy

surgical removal (Example: Appendectomy)

-emia

blood condition (Example: Anemia)

-itis

inflammation (Example: Arthritis)

-logy

study of (Example: Biology)

-megaly

enlargement (Example: Cardiomegaly)

-oma

tumor, mass (Example: Lipoma)

-osis

abnormal condition (Example: Cyanosis)

-pathy

disease (Example: Neuropathy)

-penia

deficiency (Example: Leukopenia)

-plasty

surgical repair (Example: Rhinoplasty)

-rrhea

flow, discharge (Example: Diarrhea)

-scope

instrument for viewing (Example: Endoscope)

-scopy

visual examination (Example: Colonoscopy)

-stomy

surgically created opening (Example: Colostomy)

-tomy

incision (Example: Tracheotomy)

-uria

urine condition (Example: Hematuria)

cardi/o

heart

pulmon/o

lung

pneum/o

lung, air

nephr/o

kidney

ren/o

kidney

gastr/o

stomach

enter/o

intestine

hepat/o

liver

neur/o

nerve

oste/o

bone

arthr/o

joint

derm/o

skin

hemat/o

blood

cyst/o

bladder

my/o

muscle

encephal/o

brain

ophthalm/o

eye

ot/o

ear

Sagittal Plane

Divides body into left and right portions

Midsagittal Plane

Divides body into equal left and right halves

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Divides body into front and back portions

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

Divides body into upper and lower portions

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Anterior (Ventral)

Front

Posterior (Dorsal)

Back

Medial

Toward midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Closer to origin

Distal

Farther from origin

Superficial

Near surface

Deep

Away from surface

Ipsilateral

Same side

Contralateral

Opposite side

Integumentary System

Protection (skin)

Skeletal System

Support and movement

Muscular System

Movement

Nervous System

Control and communication

Endocrine System

Hormone regulation

Cardiovascular System

Transport blood

Lymphatic/Immune System

Defense against infection

Respiratory System

Gas exchange

Digestive System

Nutrient absorption

Urinary System

Waste removal and fluid balance

Reproductive System

Reproduction

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonary Valve

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

Aortic Valve

Blood Flow Through the Heart

Body → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Lungs → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Body

Left ventricle

has the thickest wall because it pumps blood to the entire body.

Airways

Nose/Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli

Right Lung Lobes

Upper lobe, Middle lobe, Lower lobe

Left Lung Lobes

Upper lobe, Lower lobe

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.

Normal oxygen saturation

generally 95–100% in healthy adults.

Kidney Structures

Renal Cortex, Renal Medulla, Renal Pelvis, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra

Nephron

Functional unit of the kidney: Glomerulus, Bowman's Capsule, Loop of Henle, Distal Tubule, Collecting Duct

Kidney Functions

Filter blood, Remove waste, Maintain fluid balance, Regulate electrolytes, Control blood pressure

GI Tract Pathway

1. Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small Intestine 6. Large Intestine 7. Rectum 8. Anus

Accessory Organs

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

GI Functions

Digestion, Nutrient absorption, Water absorption, Waste elimination

Nutrient absorption

Most occurs in the small intestine, while most water absorption occurs in the large intestine.