Mid-Tudor Crisis

1553

The year Edward VI died, unexpectedly, 4 months before he would have become king in his own right.

4

The number of months Edward VI was away from ruling in his own right before his unexpected death in 1553.

12–15

The age range Edward VI was when he completed The Chronicle (his diary).

May 1551

The point after which Edward VI was noted as using his own initiative and pursuing his own objectives.

4

The age Edward VI had a fever; he had measles and smallpox at 14.

14

The age Edward VI had measles and smallpox (he had a fever at 4).

February 1553

The month Edward VI died of a chest infection.

Autumn 1549

The time Edward VI complained of being a prisoner and abandoned Somerset.

1550–1553

The period when Edward VI began to assume a more significant role in government.

August 1551

The month Edward VI started attending Privy Council meetings.

November 1552

The month Edward VI was attending Privy Council meetings regularly and setting some agendas.

Spring 1552

The time the Council announced Edward VI would reach his majority at 16 rather than 18.

16

The age the Council decided Edward VI would reach his majority (instead of the planned 18).

18

The age the Council had originally intended for Edward VI to reach his majority.

mid-1552

The time by which Edward VI was creating links with foreign ambassadors and making independent use of his secretaries.

9-year-old

The age of Edward VI when he accessed the throne, creating problems of royal authority.

16

The number of members in the Regency Council set up by Henry VIII's will.

12

The number of members appointed to assist the Regency Council as required.

1547

The year of Archbishop Cranmer's Homily on Obedience.

1549

The year of the rebellions that Warwick (Northumberland) used as an opportunity to move against Somerset.

August 1549

The month Warwick, Southampton, Arundel, and Lord St John decided to end Somerset's control.

October 1549

The month the conspirators were ready to strike against Somerset.

February 1553

The month Edward VI unexpectedly fell ill (leading to the succession crisis).

End of March

The time Edward VI was reported to be dying in 1553.

June 1553

The month Mary and Elizabeth were declared illegitimate under the Devyse (plan to alter the succession).

6 July 1553

The date Edward VI died.

3

The number of days that passed before Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen (9 July 1553) after Edward's death.

1547

The year Somerset inherited a ruinous foreign policy from Henry VIII.

September 1547

The month Somerset defeated the Scots at the Battle of Pinkie.

1544

The year the Anglo-Imperial Treaty was ratified by Somerset in June 1549.

June 1549

The month Somerset ratified the Anglo-Imperial Treaty of 1544.

£133,333

The substantial sum the French were willing to pay to recover the port of Boulogne from Northumberland.

August 1548

The month Mary Queen of Scots was taken to France to marry the Dauphin.

1549

The year deteriorating relationships led to the threat of war with France and invasion (when England was vulnerable due to rebellions).

1549

The year of the Moderate Book of Common Prayer (Cranmer), aimed at establishing a single English service form.

Roughly 20%

The approximate proportion of Londoners who were Protestant by 1547.

1547

The year roughly 20% of Londoners were Protestant.

February 1547

The month of the denunciation of images in London.

July 1547

The month the Injunctions were issued, attacking features of popular Catholicism (e.g., lights, images, processions).

Dec 1547

The month of the dissolution of chantries and religious guilds, with property seized by the Crown.

May 1549

The month of the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer.

1552

The year of the More Radical Book of Common Prayer (Cranmer), which removed remaining conservative ceremonies and changed the communion service.

June 1553

The month Cranmer's Forty-Two Articles of Religion (confirming Protestant doctrine) were produced, but never implemented.

Two-thirds

The proportion of the Worcester estate that went to the Crown when the dioceses of Gloucester and Worcester were combined.

1540

The approximate year after which expenditure on church goods began to decline.

66%

The proportion of wills in Lincolnshire and Huntingdonshire that left money to the parish church in 1545.

1545

The year 66% of wills in Lincolnshire and Huntingdonshire left money to the parish church.

10%

The proportion of wills in Lincolnshire and Huntingdonshire that left money to the parish church in 1552.

1552

The year 10% of wills in Lincolnshire and Huntingdonshire left money to the parish church.

1550

The year the radical John Hooper reported that the pace of reform was hampered by uncooperative public opinion.

January 1553

The month the Crown started to confiscate church plate.

£537,000

The amount raised by Somerset from the continued disastrous policy of debasement of the coinage.

1548

The year of a poor harvest which reinforced inflationary pressures under Somerset.

1549

The year Somerset introduced a tax on sheep (to deter enclosure), which created financial pressure on small farmers.

£133,333

The amount of the French payment for the return of Boulogne (reducing Crown expenditure under Northumberland).

1549

The year of the major rebellions in East Anglia and the South-West and general disorder.

April 1548

The month and year of the murder of William Body at Helston, an event resented in Cornwall.

6 June

The date the Cornish rebel camp formed near Bodmin in 1549.

11 June

The start date of the Devon rebellion at Sampford Courtenay in 1549.

20 June

The date the two rebellious groups converged in 1549.

21 June

The date of a dispute between rebels and a JP/courtier in 1549.

2 July

The date rebels began the siege of Exeter in 1549.

28 July

The date Lord Russell began his advance on the Western rebels in 1549.

4 August

The date the Western rebels were defeated at Clyst Heath near Exeter in 1549.

17 August

The date of the final defeat of the Western rebels at Sampford Courtenay in 1549.

April

The month Somerset made his proclamation against enclosures (raising rebel expectations) in 1549.

8 July

The date Kett's Rebellion started with the tearing down of hedges near Wymondham in 1549.

9 July

The date protestors began heading towards Norwich in 1549.

21 July

The date Kett's rebels began firing on the city in 1549.

22 July

The date Norwich fell into the hands of Kett's rebels in 1549.

1 August

The date of the failure of John Dudley (Northampton) to recapture Norwich from Kett's rebels in 1549.

27 August

The date Kett's rebels were finally defeated by forces led by the Earl of Warwick (Northumberland) in 1549.

1553

The year Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen and Mary secured the throne.

19th July 1553

The date Mary was proclaimed Queen, following the failure of the Devyse.

50

The approximate number of councillors Mary I appointed during her reign (many of whom held honorary titles).

1555

The year Bishop Stephen Gardiner (Mary's indispensable but not fully trusted minister) died.

1554

The year Philip of Spain became Mary's husband and chief advisor (along with Simon Renard).

80

The approximate number of MPs who opposed the reversal of the Edwardian religious legislation (a substantial minority).

1555

The year a bill for the seizure of property of Protestant exiles was defeated in Parliament.

1554

The year of the Spanish Marriage Treaty and the marriage itself.

37

Mary I's age when she was anxious to marry and produce a Catholic heir.

1554

The year Parliament rejected a bill to include Philip in a new treason law.

1555

The year Parliament prevented Philip's coronation as King of England.

1544

The year of the Succession Act that established the succession of Elizabeth if Mary remained childless.

January 1554

The month of Wyatt's Rebellion, which led to Elizabeth's confinement in the Tower.

2 months

The amount of time Elizabeth was confined to the Tower of London before being placed under house arrest.

6th November 1558

The date Mary formally named Elizabeth as her successor.

17th

The day of November, 1558, that Mary I died.

January 1554

The month the marriage treaty between Mary and Philip was drawn up.

July 1554

The month the marriage between Mary and Philip took place.

May 1555

The month of the election of the fiercely anti-Spanish Pope Paul IV.

April 1557

The month of the Scarborough Raid (by French troops) followed by England declaring war against France.

1557

The year England declared war on France.

January 1558

The month England suffered the humiliating loss of Calais.

1521

The year the Duke of Buckingham (grandfather of Thomas Stafford, leader of the Scarborough raid) had been executed.

6

The number of new ships added to the navy as part of Mary's naval and military reforms.

October 1553

The month of Mary's first parliament, where Edwardian religious laws were repealed, and married clergy were deprived of their livings.

Third

The number of Mary's parliaments that finally resolved the status of the Church (November 1554 to January 1555).

November 1554 to January 1555

The duration of Mary's Third Parliament, which passed the Act of Repeal.

November 1554

The month Cardinal Pole arrived in England as legate and Archbishop of Canterbury.