American Pageant - Chapter 8 Study Material: Key Terms and Definitions

Division among colonists on ___

Weather or not to declare independence

Organized ___ with ___ as chief

Continental army, George Washington

Bunker Hill

British victory but did demonstrate the Patriots would fight bravely in an organized battle, boosted Patriot confidence

Colonists sent ___ to King George III hoping for peace

Olive Branch Petition

After the king dismissed the Olive Branch Petition, he declared the colonies ___

In rebellion

___ ideas of ___ and ___ strongly influenced the colonists

Enlightenment, John Locke, Rousseau

Locke said ___

Everyone has natural rights and the power of the government is derived from popular consent

Thomas Paine's pamphlet ___ argued for ___ and called for ___, influenced by

Common sense, independence, the creation of a republic (representative government) based on the natural rights of the people, influenced by the enlightenment

Who drafted the formal Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

What were the goals of the decleration of independence

Justify independence by listing grievances against King George III, Rally support among colonists, Get assistance from foreign nations

One goal of the Declaration of independence was to declare ___ rights and have the power of government rest with the ___

Unalienable (natural), people (popular sovereignty)

Patroits

Colonists who fought against the British

Loyalists

Colonists loyal to the British, treated as traitors, property seized, and harassed, around 80,000 left the USA were

British strengths / colonies weakness

Great Britain militarily and economically superior to the colonies, loyalist opposition, colonies had weak government structure under continental congress and Articles of confederation Continental Congress

Colonial strength / British weakness

Colonists had greater familiarity with land (use guerilla warfare), resilient military and political leadership, ideological commitment, eventual support from European allies (France) after the battle of Saratoga

Why did France help America?

Wanted to regain power in North America, end of Britain military policies, idealism and enlightenment ideas

Formal alliance after the battle of Saratoga

Colonists get money, weapons, naval support, and soldiers

Trenton battle

Washington crossed deleware river and captured 1000 hessian soldiers.

Battle of Yorktown

General Cornwallis surrenders to the American/French troops while the French blocked the sea

Treaty of Paris

England recognized US independence, and the boundry of US would go from the Mississippi river to great lakes to Spanish Florida. America still had to respect rights of the loyalists and debts owed to British creditors would be paid.

Political impact of American revolution on state constitutions?

The abolished old european laws/traditions and nobility titles couldn't be given

Political impact of American revolution on voting?

Many states like Pennsylvania got rid of property requirements for voting

Did most states have full democracy?

No, the colonial elite remained and some states restricted political involement involvement

Social impact of Ameican revolution for Women

Women played signiicant roles like maintaining farms and businesses, nurses and cooks

Abigal Adams

"Remember the ladies" called for greater rights among women

Republican motherhood

Called on women to teach republican values within the family

Why did Native American fight for the British

British limited colonial settlement through proclamation line of 1763settlement

Who was eventually allowed to fight in continental army

African Americans

Royal governor of Virginia ___ promised ___ to any slave who fought for the ___

Lord Dunmore, freedom, British

There was gradual ___ in the norther and middle states after the war

Emancipation

Pennsylvania Gradual Emancipation Law

No more states could come into the states and children born to slaves were free