Neuroscience Lecture 17: Muscle Mechanics
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25 Terms
What is the model of striated muscle movement?
Sliding Filament Model
What two factors is the sliding of actin past myosin driven by?
1. Cross-bridge formation
2. ATP hydrolysis
What is the function of the sliding filament model?
Shorten/produce force
How does the lever movement of actin filament relative to the myosin head produce force?
Deforms internal elastic structures
What is force production tightly coupled to in skeletal muscle?
Level of cytoplasmic calcium
What is the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in the quiescent state?
50 nM
In the quiescent state is there any force generated by the contractile apparatus?
No
What is the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in maximal force production?
5-10 μM
What interaction is prevented by tropomyosin?
Actin-myosin
What component of the troponin complex binds tropomyosin?
Troponin T
What component of the troponin complex binds actin and inhibits actin-myosin interaction?
Troponin I
What component of the troponin complex binds calcium?
Troponin C
What are the two components of the globular head of myosin?
1. ATPase
2. Actin binding site
Which component of myosin provides energy for contraction?
ATPase
Which light chain of myosin binds calcium?
Essential
Which light chain of myosin regulates function?
Regulatory
What are the 5 steps of the Cross Bridge Cycle?
1. ATP bound to myosin head
2. ATP hydrolyzes and myosin head cocks
3. Cross bridge formed
4. Power stroke
5. ADP released
What allows myosin to no longer bind to actin for muscle relaxation?
Tropomyosin
What level is regulated for fast regulation of muscle relaxation?
Calcium
What is the hub for motor neurons?
Ventral horn
What is the number of motor axons in the masseter?
1020
What is the number of motor axons in the temporalis?
1150
What is the three types of muscle types based on contraction speed?
1. Fast fatigue
2. Fast fatigue resistant
3. Slow
Which type of muscle contraction has tension or force generated by the muscle being greater than the load and the muscle shortens?
Isotonic
Which type of muscle contraction has load is greater than the tension or force generated by the muscle and the muscle does not shorten?
Isometric