Impulse Control Disorders Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes regarding Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders, including clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and treatment strategies.

Oppositional defiant disorder

A disorder affecting both emotions, such as anger and irritation, and behaviors, such as argumentativeness and defiance, that exceeds the boundaries of what is socially acceptable and impairs life functioning.

Conduct disorder

A persistent pattern of behavior in which the rights of others are violated and societal norms or rules are disregarded, often involving aggression, destruction of property, stealing, and deceit.

Intermittent explosive disorder

A pattern of behavioral outbursts characterized by an inability to control aggressive impulses, often leading to verbal or physical aggression toward people, animals, or property followed by a stage of remorse.

Pyromania

Repeated deliberate fire setting preceded by tension or excitement, where the individual experiences pleasure or relief from the act or its aftermath.

Kleptomania

A repeated failure to resist urges to steal objects not needed for personal use or monetary value, characterized by a buildup of tension before the theft and relief afterward.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)

Environmental risk factors such as family distress, inadequate parenting, problems with attachment, and child abuse that are associated with the development of impulse control disorders.

Callousness

A lack of empathy and unconcern about the feelings of others, characterized by an absence of guilt except when facing punishment; often a predictor of future antisocial personality disorder.

Childhood-onset conduct disorder

A subtype of conduct disorder occurring before age $10$, mostly in males, characterized by physical aggression, poor peer relationships, and a lack of feelings of guilt or remorse.

Adolescent-onset conduct disorder

A subtype of conduct disorder where no clinically significant symptoms are present before age $10$, often involving acting out within a peer group through sexual behavior or substance use.

Expressed emotion

The qualitative amount of emotion displayed, usually in family interactions; in treatment, strongly expressed emotion including criticism or resentment can trigger aggressive responses in patients.

Trauma-informed care

An approach that promotes an environment of healing and recovery by asking "what happened to you?" instead of "what is wrong with you?" to avoid unintentionally retraumatizing the patient.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A talk therapy focusing on a patient’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviors based on the idea that changing thoughts to be more realistic and positive can change how life is experienced.

Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)

A specific kind of cognitive behavioral treatment focusing on impulse control through skills such as mindfulness, emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and personal effectiveness.

Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT)

An evidence-based approach where therapists coach parents through an earbud audio device while they interact with their children to suggest strategies that reinforce positive behavior.

Multisystemic therapy (MST)

An intensive family- and community-based program for violent juvenile offenders that considers all environments, providing caregivers with $24$-hour-a-day support.

Behavioral contract

A patient-centered verbal or written agreement between the patient and staff regarding behaviors, expectations, and needs, often coupled with rewards and contingencies.

Simple restitution

A procedure in which an individual is required to correct the adverse environmental or relational effects of misbehavior by restoring the environment to its prior state.

Planned ignoring

A technique where staff members ignore attention-seeking behaviors that are determined to be safe, often used in conjunction with positive reinforcement for on-task actions.

Divalproex sodium (Depakote)

A mood stabilizing and anticonvulsant medication shown to reduce reactive aggression and irritability in oppositional defiant disorder.

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

A second-generation antipsychotic that has proven efficacy in diminishing aggression associated with conduct disorder and exerts a calming effect on outbursts in intermittent explosive disorder.

Vanderbilt Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale

An assessment tool containing subsets used to screen for and evaluate the severity of oppositional defiant and conduct disorder symptoms in young people.

Gray matter deficits

Structural brain abnormalities noted in impulse control disorders, occurring in the left prefrontal cortex for ODD and the anterior insulate cortex and left amygdala for conduct disorder.