Social studies final - chapters 11,12,13

Samuel Slater

as a result of technology he brought to America, most mills and factories were powered by water up until the Industrial revolution

Erie Canal

man made water way that went from Albany to buffalo which allowed goods and people easier access to the great lakes region from New York City, connected Lake Erie to Hudson River

Andrew Jackson

created democratic party, heavily used spoils system, and although claimed to be a president of the people, many of his critics claimed he made the office of the President too powerful, against national bank, believed in strong union

Jacksonian Democracy

The idea of spreading political power to all the people and ensuring majority rule was known as the ______

Spoils System

practice of giving government jobs to supporters of the winners of the presidential election. Jackson claimed this was positive because it put regular people in important positions within the government

Indian Removal Act

Signed by President Jackson, gave government power to take land from natives and force them to move west of Mississippi (present day Oklahoma)

Trail of Tears

Cherokee Nation forced to give up land east of Mississippi and move to what is now Oklahoma. Unbelievable tough journey that resulted in ¼ of the people not surviving. (Went from Georgia and Florida to Oklahoma)

Industrial Revolution

a time period of rapid and great change that saw machines and new sources of power transform society. People began working in mills and factories

Cotton Gin

invented by Eli Whitney, it greatly sped up and increased the rate of cotton production which made more Southerners want to grow cotton because of the profit that could be made

Sectionalism/regionalism

Differences in the goals and interests of different parts of the country. Identifying with your region more so than identifying with the whole nation .. caused by the differences that existed between the West, South and North

Factory System

This system brought many workers and machines together under one roof.

Lowell mills

textile mills in the village that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boardinghouses.

Interchangeable Parts

Interchangeable parts, parts that are all exactly alike, speeded up production, made repairs easy, and al lowed the use of lower-paid, unskilled workers

Robert Fulton

He invented a steamboat that could move against the current and strong winds.

Nationalism

A feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country.

Monroe Doctrine

The Doctrine stated that the Americas were closed to further colonization. It also warned European nations that efforts to reestablish colonies would be considered "dangerous to our peace and safety." which means Europe could not colonize any more of the Americas. It promised the U.S. would stay out of European affairs.

Inflation

The increase in prices and decrease in the value of money is known as inflation.

Depression

time period that followed because the banks defaulted, the economy went into a severe economic slump.

Capitalism

an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned. The main economic system in America

Missouri Compromise

To keep the balance of power in Congress, Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, suggested that Missouri be added as a Slave state and Maine as a free state

Land Speculators

people who bought land so they could make a profit it when its value increased

Mormon Trail

path west by members of Mormon faith searching for religious freedom

Stephen F. Austin

established first American colony in Spanish territory

Lone Star Republic

name of present day Texas which for a short time was an independent nation

Manifest Destiny

term given to Westward expansion; based on belief that expansion all the way to the Pacific was the fate of America

Bear Flag Revolt

American revolt against Mexican control in California

Mexican Cession/ Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

result of Manifest Destiny; land given up by Mexico

California Gold Rush

major factor that led to the huge increase in population in the west

Emigrant

people who leave their home country to live somewhere else

Immigrant

people who enter and settle in a new country