BIOL 3302 Test #4 Dr. Held

inner layer of retina

= neural layer

outer layer of retina

= pigminted layer

horizotal cells in lens

only found in retina

receives input only from photoreceptors

sends info to ganglion cells

ganglion cells

last ...

crystallins

proteins in lens cells that give them uniform refracted index

axial mesoderm

notochord-signal to overlying ectoderm- neural tube

paraxial mesoderm

somites

lateral mesoderm

delaminates (PB and bread)

somatic mesoderm -->

skeletal muscle

splanctic mesoderm -->

smooth muscle (/ heart muscle)

closer to intestine

the ________ is the last stage of a 3-step lens induction/ cascade

cornea

Forea

= what you use to read with

lens induction

1. thickening of ectoderm into placode, did same for neural tube, ear vesicle

2. 1st induction- mesoderm notochord induces neural plate (placode) in neuro-ectoderm

3. neural plate rolls up to neural tube (CNS)

4. lateral outgrowth from diencephalon --> optic vesicles

5. O.V.'s collapses to Optic Cup (like a balloon)

6. 2nd induction- O.C. induces lens placode --> retina

7. Lens placode invaginates to lens vesicle

8. 3rd induction- lens vesicle induces Cornea

Diencephalon

retinal -->

lateral

pineal -->

dorsal

pituitary -->

ventral

Somite Derivatives

1. Dermatome

2. Myotome

3. Scleretome

Dermatome

make fibroblasts --> secrete collagen --> EC matrix elastic (connective tissue)

Myotome

forms rib muscles --> allows you to breathe, intercostal muscles

myoblasts

Scleretome

makes vertebrae and ribs

makes osteoblasts --> bone

migrate on their own through neural tube and notochord (flash mob coating)

Chondroblasts --> secrete cartilage

osteoblasts invide chondroblast territory and make bone

cardiobifidia

= midline defect in heart

foremanovalis

shunts the blood away from lungs

pg. 51 & 52

branchial arches

= ectoderm

separated by clefts

pharyngeal pouches

= endoderm

fuse with branchial cleft and form passageway

line up with the cleft

aortic arches

= mesoderm

remnants of circulatory system in our throat

semi circ -->

start out as lateral protrusions from auditory vessicle

eventually perforate to make hole

3 right angles (x,y,z axis)

cochlea

curls out into spiral

from ventral part of ear vesicle

skeletal derivatives in (middle?) ear

malleus

incus

stapes