GEAS and ESAT Preboard Exam Practice Flashcards

Collection of vocabulary terms and definitions covering GEAS and ESAT preboard exam topics including thermodynamics, chemistry, telecommunications, networking, and circuit theory.

RA 9292

The Electronics Engineering Law of 2004 which regulates the ECE profession and specifies Sunday provisions in Article VI.

Theory X manager

A type of manager who operates under the assumption that all people are basically lazy and will not work unless forced or threatened.

Planning

The management function referring to the process of anticipating problems, analyzing them, estimating impact, and determining actions for desired outcomes.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

A network model enabling managers to schedule, monitor, and control complex projects using three time estimates for each activity.

Oxide

A compound formed when oxygen combines with another element.

Graham's Law

A chemical principle referring to the gaseous diffusion of gases.

Electron Affinity

The energy change that occurs when a mole of electrons is added to a mole of gaseous atoms or ions.

Isentropic process

A thermodynamic process where the temperature of air increases during a non-flow process, characterized by $C_p = 1.0062\,kN-m/kg-K$.

Adiabatic process

A thermodynamic process where no energy enters or leaves the system as heat, defined by $Q = 0$.

Modulation index ($m_a$)

A ratio in AM transmission; for a carrier power of $50\,kW$ increasing to $59\,kW$ with a single tone, the value is $0.424$.

Deviation ratio

The ratio of maximum frequency deviation to maximum modulating frequency; for an FM station with $75\,kHz$ deviation and $15\,kHz$ modulation, it is $5$.

Image frequency

A frequency in superheterodyne receivers that must be rejected; for a receiver tuned to $1350\,kHz$ with a $455\,kHz$ IF using high-side injection, it is $2260\,kHz$.

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection, an access method governed by the Data Link Layer and defined by IEEE 802.3 for Ethernet.

Time to Live (TTL)

A field in an IP packet; if a router receives a packet with $TTL = 1$, it drops the packet and sends an ICMP Type 11, Code 0 (Time Exceeded, TTL expired in transit) message.

OSI Session Layer

The layer responsible for dialog control, synchronization checkpoints, and session establishment or termination.

Class B Address

An IP address within the range defined by traditional classful addressing rules, such as $191.254.10.5$.

Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

A T1-based ISDN standard configuration used by enterprises, consisting of $23\,B$ channels and $1\,D$ channel.

Free-Space Path Loss (FSPL)

The attenuation of a signal in free space, which increases by approximately $6\,dB$ if the operating frequency is doubled while distance and antenna parameters remain constant.

Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)

The total power radiated by an antenna in a specific direction, equal to the transmitter power delivered plus antenna gain minus losses.

Cutoff frequency ($f_c$)

The minimum frequency at which a waveguide will transmit energy; for TE10 mode, it is defined as $f_c = \frac{c}{2a}$.

Fade margin

The difference between the receiver input signal level and the receiver threshold, providing a link margin against signal variations.

Characteristic Impedance ($Z_0$)

The impedance of a transmission line, such as $300\,\Omega$ for a twin-lead line in air with specific radius and separation.

Isotropic radiator

A theoretical antenna that radiates power equally in all directions in three-dimensional space, creating a perfectly spherical radiation pattern.

Yagi-Uda antenna array

An antenna consisting of a single driven dipole element, a reflector, and one or more directors to shape the radiation pattern.

Polarization orthogonality

A condition occurring when a transmitting antenna is vertically polarized and the receiving antenna is horizontally polarized, leading to theoretical complete signal cancellation.

Molar fraction

The ratio of the number of moles of one component to the total number of moles in a solution.

pH value

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration; for a solution with $3.2 \times 10^{-8}$ hydrogen ion concentration, the value is $7.5$.

Theorem of Pappus for volume

States that the volume of a solid of revolution equals the area of the region times the distance traveled by its centroid.

Clipper circuit

A circuit designed to remove or limit a portion of a waveform above or below a specific reference level.

Clamper circuit

A circuit that shifts an entire waveform upward or downward by adding a DC level through the use of a diode, capacitor, and resistor.