Diagram of AP Bio: Unit 2 Cell structures and organelles | Quizlet

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things; the smallest unit of life

Cell theory

1) All living things or organisms are made of one or more cells.

2) Cells are the basic units of structure and organization in organisms (building blocks of life).

3) Cells come from preexisting cells.

Organelle

Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell; many are surrounded by membrane.

TERM

Cell membrane

DEFINITION

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. Part of all cells.

TERM

Cell wall

DEFINITION

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. Found in plants, bacteria, and fungi.

TERM

Chloroplast

DEFINITION

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Cytoskeleton

A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps support the cell. Includes microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.

Microtubules

Part of the cytoskeleton; spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure

Microfilaments

Part of the cytoskeleton; actin (a protein) filaments that play a role in cell division and shape

Intermediate filaments

A component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments)

Cytosol

Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

TERM

Golgi apparatus

DEFINITION

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

TERM

Lysosome

DEFINITION

Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

TERM

Vacuole

DEFINITION

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

TERM

Ribosome

DEFINITION

Cytoplasmic organelles where proteins are synthesized; found in all cells

TERM

Nucleus

DEFINITION

Contains most of the cell's genetic material (all DNA, and some RNA)

TERM

Nucleolus

DEFINITION

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

TERM

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

DEFINITION

System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are smooth due to the lack of ribosomes. Involved in lipid production (such as steroid hormones), cell detoxification, and muscle contraction.

TERM

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

DEFINITION

System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. Functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm

Centriole

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

TERM

Mitochondria

DEFINITION

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

Flagella

A long, whip-like tail that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, DNA, and ribosomes

The structures/organelles that all cells have

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Nucleoid

A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated.

Three domains of life

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Archae

Domain of life that include prokaryotes; similar to bacteria except they live in harsh environments

Fungi

One of the three eukaryote kingdoms; includes mushrooms and yeast.

Plantae

One of the three eukaryote kingdoms; includes plants.

Animalia

One of the three eukaryote kingdoms; includes all animals, from microscopic zooplankton to insects to mammals.