6 Cancer of the Brain & CNS

How are CNS tumors managed compared to tumors in other parts of the body?

Managed differently

What can benign tumors in the brain or spinal cord lead to?

Devastating outcomes

How are malignant CNS tumors described in terms of aggressiveness and response to treatments?

Aggressive and refractory

What percentage of all cancers do brain tumors account for?

1.4%

Which gender and ethnicity have a higher incidence of brain tumors?

Men and Caucasians

What are common origins of brain tumors in terms of metastatic lesions?

Lung and breast cancer

What factors are linked to CNS tumors?

Ionizing radiation, genetic predisposition, and diet

What significant role do molecular genetics play in understanding tumor formation?

Significant role

Why is early detection crucial for positive outcomes in CNS tumors?

Crucial for positive outcomes

How does awareness of symptoms impact the diagnosis and prognosis of CNS tumors?

Leads to early diagnosis and better prognosis

What does the WHO classification system grade brain tumors based on?

Cell characteristics

What are Ki-67 index and p53 gene mutations used for in brain tumor prediction?

Predicting tumor behavior

What are the most common types of brain tumors?

Gliomas, meningiomas, nerve sheath tumors, and pituitary tumors

Which type of brain tumor is the most prevalent?

Gliomas

What is the primary treatment for metastatic brain lesions?

Radiotherapy

What factors influence the clinical features of brain tumors?

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What can cause increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in some brain tumors?

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What symptoms can increased ICP lead to?

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What are some consequences of rapid-growing brain tumors?

• Increased intracranial pressure: leading to headaches, nausea, vomiting

• Seizures: due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain

• Neurological deficits: affecting motor, sensory, or cognitive functions

• Cognitive impairment: impacting memory, attention, and decision-making

• Risk of herniation: potentially life-threatening shift in brain structures

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What are some consequences of slow-growing brain tumors?

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What are common symptoms associated with increased ICP?

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What can cause mental status changes in brain tumor patients?

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Which type of brain tumors are more likely to cause mental status changes and seizures?

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In which type of brain tumors is seizure activity common?

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What imaging studies are obtained for differential diagnosis of headaches, seizures, or other neurologic symptoms?

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What noninvasive studies can show specific metabolite levels in actively growing brain tumors?

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What do different levels of metabolites indicate in brain tumors?

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What imaging techniques are used for evaluating tumor activity and function?

PET/CT and MR imaging are used for evaluating tumor activity and function.

What are some prognostic indicators for tumors?

Tumor classification, grade, and location are prognostic indicators.

What is the purpose of craniotomy in tumor management?

Craniotomy aims to decrease mass effect caused by the tumor.

How can tumor debulking help in tumor management?

Tumor debulking can provide symptom relief and decrease ICP.

What is involved in nursing care for patients with brain tumors?

Nursing care involves providing information, referrals, and support for patients and families.