Biology Unit 1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms 낱말 카드 | Quizlet

Movement

an act of changing physical location or position or of having this changed.

Respiration

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Sensitivity

Ability to detect and respond to the changes in the internal and external environment

Growth

a permanent increase in size and dry mass

Reproduction

The process that makes more of the same kind of organism

Excretion

Removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirement

Nutrition

Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Species

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Genus

category of classification that ranks above species

Amphibians

- cold blooded

- 4 limbs

- moist skin

- carnivorous (eat other animals)

- live on land and in water

- lay jelly covered eggs

- eggs are fertilised externally (sperm released over the eggs)

Insects

- segmented body made of head, thorax and abdomen

- 3 pairs of joined legs

- compounded eyes

- one pair of antennae

- cuticle (hard exoskeleton)

- often have wings

Arachnids

- 4 pair of legs (8 limbs)

- Combined head and thorax (Cephalothorax)

- Several pairs of simple eyes

- x antennae

- x wings

- pedipalps (더듬이 다리)

Crustaceans

- 2 pairs of antennae

- compound eyes

- protective exoskeleton

- 5 pairs of limbs

- combined head & thorax (cephalothorax)

(갑각류)

Myriapods

- Segmented body

- pair of legs on each body segment

- at least 10 pairs of legs

- one pair of antennae

- simple eyes

Fungi

- thread like hyphae

- hyphae form a branching structure called mycelium

- Nuclei are scattered throughout the cytoplasm

- Release enzymes that digest food externally

- Absorb nutrients through their cell walls

Prokaryotes

- Single celled organisms

- some have chloroplasts

- other consume and digest their food internally

Viruses

- central core of DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein coat

- x nucleus, cytoplasm, cell organelles or cell membrane

- x eat, respire, excrete or grow

- reproduce only within the cells of living organisms

Ferns

- Stems are usually below the ground

- x produce seeds

- produce single celled spores

- Spores release from sporangia on the underside of the leaves

Monocotyledons

- one cotyledon (embryonic leaf) inside their seeds

- flower parts are grouped in threes

- long, narrow leaves with parallel veins

Dicotyledons

- 2 cotyledons (embryonic leaf) inside their seeds

- flower parts are grouped in fives

- broad leaves with a branching network of veins

Why the scientist used DNA sequencing

- sequences of bases in DNA are used as a means of classification

- recent ancestors will show a similar base

Reptiles

- cold blooded

- Land living

- Dry, scale skin

- lay eggs

- eggs have tough, rubbery shell

Protoctist

• single celled organisms

• chromosomes are enclosed within a nucleus

• some have chloroplasts (make their food by photosynthesis)

• other consume and digest their food internally

Mammals

• 4limbs

• warm blooded

• hair or fur

• diaphragm

• produce milk

• give birth to fully formed young

Fish

• cold blooded

• overlapping scales

• fins

• filamentous gills

• eggs are laid and fertilised externally

Birds

• warm blooded

• fused vertebrae

• feathers

• 2 wings and 2 legs

• lay eggs with hard shells

• claws and beaks

Animal vs Plant kingdom

Animal kingdom:

• multicellular organisms

• no cell wall or chloroplasts

• most animals can move location

• most can ingest solid food and digest it internally

Plant kingdom:

• multicellular organisms

• have an outside cell wall

• contain chloroplasts and chlorophyll

• make their food by photosynthesis