Hydration and Homeostasis

What is the primary way to have fluid intakes?

PO

What is the job of sodium?

regulate fluid volume in extracellular fluid

What is the job of potassium?

Muscle contraction and cardiac conduction in the intracellular fluid

What do the kidneys do to sodium?

Reabsorb it

What do the kidneys do to potassium?

Excrete it

What is calcium in charge of?

Bone health

What are symptoms of hypervolemia

* high heart rate
* low/high BP
* Low urine output
* pale, cool skin
* crackles in lung

What are clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis?

* increased pulse/resp rate
* headache/dizziness
* confusion
* muscle twitching

What are clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis?

* HA
* Tingling
* palpitations
* tremors

What are clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis?

* confusion, weakness
* peripheral vasodilation
* n/v
* kussmaul’s breathing
* hyperkalemia

What are clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis?

dizziness, tingling, hypertonic muscles, decreased respiratory rate

What should you document when you give an IV?

IV gauge, location on body, how pt tolerated procedure, use of aseptic technique, and number of attempts

What should you document when you discontinue an IV?

* IV catheter tip is intact
* pressure dressing applied to site
* iv site infection

Define extravasation

inadvertent administration of a vesicant solution into the tissue surrounding the vessel

Define infiltration

inadvertent leakage of a non vesicant IV fluid into the tissue surrounding a vessel

What is an intervention for fluid restriction?

Provide frequent oral care

What type of fluid should be given to someone with ketoacidosis?

hypotonic

What type of fluid is given to someone with hypotension?

isotonic

What should you do if a hematoma appears?

apply pressure when discontinuing IV

What should you do if extravasation appears?

Discontinue IV, administer anecdote, apply cool compress, and elevate extremity

Define vesicant

solution that causes formation of blisters, sloughing/necrosis of surrounding tissue

What should you do if infiltration occurs?

stop infusion, restart IV higher or at different extremity, elevate arm

What should you do if infection occurs?

Remove IV, apply sterile dressing, give antibiotics if necessary