IS300 Final Exam Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering IT infrastructure, networking, Excel functions, SQL commands, and programming basics as presented in the IS300 lecture notes.

IT Infrastructure

Shared hardware, software, networking, storage, and IT services.

Moore's Law

The principle that transistors on a chip roughly double every $2$ years.

IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service.

PaaS

Platform as a Service.

SaaS

Software as a Service.

Packet switching

The process of breaking data into packets that travel independently.

TCP

A protocol that breaks data into packets and reassembles them.

IP

A protocol that addresses and routes packets.

DNS

A system that converts domain names into IP addresses.

Net Neutrality

The principle that all internet traffic should be treated equally.

RFID

Radio Frequency Identification.

IoT

Internet of Things.

Workbook

The Excel file itself.

Worksheet

A specific tab within an Excel workbook.

Absolute reference

A cell reference like B$5 that stays fixed when copied.

VLOOKUP

An Excel function used for looking up values in a table.

MATCH

An Excel function that returns the position of a value.

Goal Seek

An Excel tool that finds the input needed for a desired result.

Pivot Table

An Excel tool used to summarize and analyze data.

SELECT

The SQL command used to retrieve data from a database.

WHERE

The SQL clause used to filter records.

ORDER BY

The SQL clause used to sort records.

GROUP BY

The SQL clause used to group records.

INSERT

The SQL command used to add records to a table.

UPDATE

The SQL command used to update existing records.

JOIN

A SQL operation used to combine data from multiple tables.

Primary key

A unique identifier for a record in a database table.

Referential integrity

A property that ensures valid relationships between tables.

Parameter query

A query that asks the user for input before executing.

R function definition

The syntax used to define functions in R, specifically using function(…).

Python function definition

The syntax used to define functions in Python, specifically using def function_name():.

random.choice()

A Python function that selects a random item from a list.

f-strings

Python strings that allow variables to be embedded directly.

Binary

A base-$2$ number system.

ASCII

A character encoding standard.

Unicode

A character encoding system supporting many languages.