2.1: Practice Worksheet

Barrier

keeps things in or out despite chemical gradients and osmotic pressure

Fast cell division

septum formed from the cell membrane and separates the two daughter cells

Proteins for response and reactions

membrane receptors initiate responses to stimuli, ETC in cell envelope membranes = ETC in mitochondria, photosynthesis in cell envelope membranes of purple bacteria = photosynthesis in chloroplasts

transportation of materials

transport proteins found in membrane, can be passive or active transport

Protein motive force

utilize energy of moving protons with the gradient to transport other molecules against their gradient

PEP transport

energy from PEP, which modifies its substrate, is used to transport molecule against its gradient

ABC transporter

ATP binding cassette transporters uses energy from ATP to transport molecule against its gradient

vibrio

curved rod shaped

spiral

spiral shaped

coccus

spherical shaped

bacillus

rod shaped

endosymbiotic theory

complex eukaryotes are a result symbiotic combinations of prokaryotic cells

Gram positive peptidoglycan

NAG-NAM, branching off of NAM in order is: L-alanine, D-glutamic acid, L-lysine, D-alanine

gram negative peptidoglycan

NAG-NAM, branching off of NAM in order is: L-alanine, D-glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, D-alanine

in which cell wall is there typically a pentaglycine interbridge

gram positive

in which cell wall would you find LPS

gram negative

in which cell wall would you find mycolic acid

acid fast

protoplast

gram positive cells that have lost their cell walls

spheroplasts

gram negative cells that have lost their cell wallls

functions of glycocalyx

protection, adherence, classification in many different species, potential carbohydrate reserves

sepsis/septic shock

a dangerous drop in blood pressure/organ damage caused by the systemic immune response due to an infection