Lecture 9

• Plan

• Do

• Check

• Act

A successful pollution monitoring system must have the following
components:

Pollution Monitoring System

This is a continuous cycle plan meaning that your plan is actively being changed according to the issues that arises

Plan

to protect the environment and minimize impact

Do

Implement the plan

Check

Monitor the plan to see if it’s functioning as intended

Act

When issues arise, deal with deal

Planning

Establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the expected output (the target or goals)

Planning

Consider regulatory requirements

Planning

Consider emission standards

Do

Implement the plan, execute the process, make the product

Do

Collect data for charting and analysis in the following "CHECK" and "ACT" steps

Check

Study the actual results (measured and collected in "DO") and compare against the expected results (targets or goals from the "PLAN") to ascertain any differences

Check

Look for deviation in implementation from the plan "Do".

Check

Charting data can make this much easier to see trends over several PDCA cycles and in order to convert the collected data into information. Information is what you need for the next step "ACT".

Act

If there are issues found in the “CHECK” stage:

• Revisions to the “PLAN” stage is required to adress the issues

Act

If there are no issues found in the “CHECK” stage

• Revision to the “PLAN” stage is still required to increase the goals and
  objectives of the pollution monitoring system

Air Sampling

A means of collecting contaminates from air to identify and quantify the concentration of the contaminates

Air Sampling

Typically we need to concentrate the contaminates with some sort of media. The exceptions is when we take “whole air samples” then the concentration step takes place in the lab.

Air Sampling

Concentration are calculated in either dimensionless terms: ppm or ppb

Air Sampling

Concentrations are calculated in mass per volume terms: μg/m3 or mg/m

• To Identify and measure air pollutants.

• To Identify the source of the pollutants.

• To monitor personal exposures to chemicals.

• To assess the environmental impact

• To comply with government regulations.

• To evaluate the effectiveness of engineering controls.

Why we take air samples?

• Ambient air

• Indoor air/Industrial Hygiene

Commonly Sampled Air Contaminants

• Particulates

• BTEX/VOCs

• Pesticides

• Ozone

• Carbonyls

• Carbon Monoxide

• Carbon Dioxide

• Nitrogen Dioxide

• Sulfur Dioxide

• Lead

Ambient Air:

• BTEX/VOCs

• Carbonyls

• Hydrogen Sulfide

• Isocyanates

• Acid Vapors

• Metals

• Hexavalent Chromium

Indoor air/Industrial Hygiene

• Dust Collectors

• Particle Scrubbers

• NOx Burners

• Catalytic Convertors

What are the types of air pollution control systems

Dust Collectors

These systems are designed to handle heavy dust loads. They consist of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning system and a dust removal system. This system is also known a a Baghouse.

Particle Scrubbers

They are a type of device that uses the pollutants from a furnace or other gas streams. The polluted gas streams are brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, either by spraying or forcing it through a pool of liquid to remove the pollutants

Wet and baffle spray

Different types of Scrubbers

Nitrous oxide

is a component that is evident in our air causing major pollution

NOx Burners

Nowadays, major fuel companies have come up with a way to burn fuel by reducing its flame temperature, injecting water and steam into the flame as well as limiting the excess air in the combustion process

NOx Burners

By recirculating or reburning the gases, it cuts down on the amount of nitrous oxide that is emitted into the air, sometimes by as much as 30%.

Catalytic Convertors

This type of control is a vehicle emissions device that converts toxic pollutants in exhaust gas to less toxic pollutants by catalyzing an oxidation or reduction reaction.

Catalytic Convertors

They usually reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen.

Catalytic Convertor

All of the vehicles today in Qatar are equipped with this device reducing the amount pollutants such as nitrous oxides and hydrocarbons.

Catalytic Convertors

When vehicles are inspected in Qatar, they are tested to make sure the vehicle’s emissions is within government regulations.

Water Sampling

A means of collecting contaminates from water to identify and quantify the concentration of the contaminates

Water contaminants

are substances such as heavy metals, agricultural and industrial chemicals, hydrocarbon fuels, radioactive materials, sewage, pharmaceutical drugs, and biologic agents such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses.

• Arsenic

• Ammonia

• Aluminum

• Fluoride

• Iron

• Barium

• Cadmium

• Lead

• Silver

• Mercury

• Nitrates

Commonly Sampled Water Contaminants

Preliminary, Primary, Secondary, tertiary

Types of Water and Wastewater Control Technologies

Preliminary treatment

consists of the physical removal of gross solids such as rags, plastics, food scraps and other grit and fats that would interfere further down the treatment process.

Primary treatment

is a continuation of the first stage removing and solids that maybe suspended or floating.

Secondary treatment

this stage is where the contaminants are turned into what is called bio solids which are then settled to the bottom and filtered out.

Tertiary treatment

this is a higher level of treatment where filtration of any solids that may have gotten through are removed as well as disinfection to kill any harmful bacteria and viruses.

Noise Sampling

Noise quality monitoring is the process of continuously monitoring the noise levels in an environment to ensure that they remain within acceptable limits.

1. Spot checks

2. Short-Term Monitoring

3. Long-Term Monitoring

Monitoring Noise Technologies

Types of monitoring:

Spot Checks

Using basic sound level meters to determine how “loud” of noise pollution is occurring a single location

Short-Term Monitoring

Measurement how much noise is present and for how long over a short period of time (<1 day)

Long-Term Monitoring

Measurement how much noise is present and for how long over a long period of time (>1 day)

• Control at Source

• Control in the Transmission Path

• Using Protective Equipment

Control of Noise Pollution: