cell parts and their functions

Cell membrane

regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Cell Wall

lies outside of the cell membrane, provides protection and support

Nucleus

control center of the cell, directs all activities of the cell, contains DNA

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance that holds the contents of a cell

Vacuole

stores water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates; larger in plant cells

Chloroplast

contains chlorophyll and converts light energy into chemical energy called glucose (sugar) during a process called photosynthesis

Mitochondria

converts glucose into ATP energy for the cell during a process called cellular respiration

Ribosome

produces proteins for the cell; can either be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

synthesizes and transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus so that they may be exported out of the cell

Cytoskeleton

filaments and fibers which help with movement and structure of the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

synthesizes and transports lipids to the Golgi apparatus, also detoxifies the cell and controls calcium levels in the cell

Nucleous

synthesizes ribosomes

Chromatin

tiny strands of genetic material inside the nucleus that hold the instructions for protein synthesis

Prokaryotic

Bacteria and Archaea cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic

A cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.