Kinesiology RoR chapters 7,8,9

The hand is a complex multipurpose organ that can be used for?

-prehension

-sense organ

-Expression and nonverbal communication

Which of the two forearm bones is in DIRECT contact with the carpal bones?

Radius

Which of the two forearm bones is NOT in direct contact with the carpal bones?

Ulna

What is the purpose of the TFCC and what does it stand for?

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex and it’s purpose is to help stabilize the wrist

What is the purpose of listers tubercle on the distal radius?

Redirect pull of the extensor pollicis longus so it helps extend the thumb

Name the 8 carpal bones?

-Scaphoid

-Lunate

-Triquetrum

-Pisiform

-Trapezoid

-Trapezium

-Capitate

-Hamate

Which carpal bone is the center of the wrist and the one we use for fulcrum placement for goniometry?

Capitate

Which carpal bone is the most likely to be fractured?

Scaphoid

Which carpal bone is the most frequently dislocated?

Lunate

What structures make up the anatomic snuffbox and what structure can be palpated within?

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis longus

How many phalanges do we have?

14 phalanges per hand

28 on both hands

Radiocarpal: what is the convex/concave arthrokinematics?

Biconcave distal radius and convex proximal row

Which of our metacarpals have the most motion?

Fourth and Fifth metacarpal

Which of our metacarpals have the most stability?

third metacarpal

How many degrees of freedom does the CMC of the thumb have?

2 degrees of freedom

What kind of joints are our interphalangeal joints?

hinge joints

Extrinsic ligaments connect what to what?

radius, ulna, metacarpals to carpals

Intrinsic ligaments connect what to what?

carpals to carpals

What is the flexor retinaculum and what does it have to do with the carpal tunnel?

The flexor retinaculum is a band that is the roof of the carpal tunnel and it prevents bowstringing of the flexors and extensors as they cross the carpals

Where do our wrist extensors originate?

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Where do our wrist flexors originate?

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

What two muscles work SYNERGISTICALLY to complete ulnar deviation?

wrist extensors and flexors

There are 6 extensor compartments: list them below?

-Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis

-Extensor carpi radialis longus/ Extensor carpi radialis brevis

-Extensor pollicis longus

-Extensor digitorum communis, Extensor indicis

-Extensor digiti minimi

-Extensor carpi ulnari

Name the two long finger flexor muscles?

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

Flexor digitorum Profundus (FDP)

Name the intrinsic THENAR muscles?

Abductor pollicis brevis (APB)

flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)- opponens

What does THENAR mean ?

THUMB

Explain how the pulleys allow our fingers to have greater ROM?

The pulleys are fibrous bands that keep the tendons close to the bones, they allow for smooth movement and strong grip

They prevent the tendons from bowstringing which without would prevent the hand from flexing and extending

What are the osteokinematics for wrist flexion at the radiocarpal joint?

50 degrees at radiocarpal joint

What are the osteokinematics for wrist flexion at the midcarpal joint?

35 degrees on the midcarpal joint

What are the osteokinematics for wrist extension at the radiocarpal joint?

35 degrees at the radiocarpal joint

What are the osteokinematics for wrist extension at the midcarpal joint?

50 degrees at the midcarpal joint

What are the 3 types of precision grip?

-two point tip pinch

-3 jaw chuck

-key pinch

How much stronger is our grip strength on dominant side vs non dominant on average?

6% stronger grip on dominant side

What is the optimal wrist position for tight grip/use of the fingers?

20–35°extension with slight ulnar deviation

What muscles allow us to get into a “shadow puppet duck” position?

Intrinsic muscles

For motor innervation of the wrist and hand what does the radial side supply?

wrist extensors

Extensor digitorum communis (EDC)

Extensor digiti minimi

For motor innervation of the wrist and hand what does the ulnar side supply?

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

most small muscles of the hand

some exceptions include: Flexor digitorum Profundus (FDP)/ lumbrical split (radial MN/ Ulnar UN)

When we refer to the “axial skeleton” what structures are included?

Head, Neck, Trunk

What is the purpose of the ribs?

Protect internal organs and assist in breathing

What is the PRIMARY vertebral curve (develops first)?

Kyphosis

What is the secondary vertebral curve, why does it develop and when does it develop?

-Cervical Lordosis

-develops so we can lift our heads and hold head up

What is the tertiary (third) vertebral curve, why does it develop and by what age does it fully develop?

-Lumbar lordosis

Develops for crawling, walking, standing up straight

Fully develops by age 10

What are lordotic curves?

concave curves that curve posteriorly

What are kyphotic curves?

convex curves that curve posteriorly

Where does the line of gravity fall along the spine?

Falls on the side on concavities

If its concave it faces line of gravity

Scoliosis is a pathological curve of the spine that is visible in what plane of motion?

Scoliosis is visible in the frontal plane

For palpation of spinous processes: would you have your client come into spinal flexion or extension?

spinal flexion

What are the characteristics of the anterior vertebral joints?

They have resistance to compressive forces

What does ALL stand for and what does it do?

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

it acts like a piece of tape to keep all the vertebrae connected but stop us from too much back bend

What does PLL stand for and what does it do?

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

-stops too much forward flexion -protects the discs from shear, flexion, side-bending, and rotation

When we talk about “coupling” motions of the spine, what are we referring to?

When we are moving we have three individual joints that are going to be moving at each segment/ level

-If we have movement on the anterior portion of the spine, we have motion at the posterior portion of the spine as wel

l-Motion at one cannot occur without motion of others

What is the primary motion at the atlanto-occipital joint and what plane of motion is it in?

Flexion/extension(nodding), sagittal plane

What is the primary motion at the atlanto-axial joint and what plane of motion is it in?

Cervical rotation (moving head right to left- saying “no”)

Transverse plane

In the thoracic region: What is extension of the spine limited by?

extension of the spine is limited by the contact of spinous processes

What is degenerative spondylyolisthesis and where does it typically occur?

Occurs typically in the lumbar to Sacral region (L5 to S1) and it is the slippage of a vertebral body over another

What does the thoracolumbar/thoracodorsal fascia do and how many layers are there?

3 layers (anterior, middle, posterior)

Helps with passive support

-Helps with spinal stabilization and the lifting of heavy loads

What happens during ANTERIOR pelvic tilt to the pelvic outlet?

The outlet gets larger it helps with toileting and child birth

What happens during POSTERIOR pelvic tilt to the pelvic OUTlet?

The outlet gets smaller and we hold everything in

Why does motion at the SI joint impact the symphysis pubis articulation

The motion with the SI joint also makes movement of the symphysis pubis

What do our sternocleidomastoid muscles do? Where do they originate and insert?

Help with flexing of the neck and side bending of the head and neck

Inserts in the mastoid process and originate in the sternum

What do our suboccipital muscles do?

They help with precise fine control movements

What does our erector spinae group do?

Erector Spinae help us be erect or standing straight up and down

What is normal ROM for TMJ depression?

-Can spread mouth 3 fingers width

-Less than that could be some TMJ disfunction

What muscles help to close the jaw?

-Temporalis

-Masseter

-Medial pterygoid

What muscles open the jaw?

-Lateral pterygoid

-Digastric

-Mylohyoid

-Geniohyoid

What is the etiology of TMJ dysfunction?

-Multifactorial

-Poor Posture-forward head

-Repetitive microtrauma

-Bruxism (grinding your teeth)

-MVA(Motor Vehicle Accidents)-any type of whiplash

What motions do the temporomandibular joints do?

-opening/closing of the mouth(mandibular condyles rotate then translate)

-protusion/retrusion

-lateral shift (right and left)

What are the OSTEOkinematics of the temporomandibular joint?

convex on concave (opposite direction)

What is another name for the hip joint?

Acetabulofemoral -provides stability and mobility

When we put “hands on hips” what structure are we resting on?

Ilium -specifically the iliac crest

The pelvis is made up of 2 innominate bones that have 3 parts: name them?

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

The hip joint (acetabulofemoral) is at the level of the ____ on the femur?

Greater Trochanter

What is Coxa Vara?

the angle of inclination is less than 125 so the knees will be turned in and hitting each other (knock-kneed)

What is Coxa Valga?

the angle of inclination is more than 125 degrees and the femur more turned out so the person will be bow-legged

Describe the OSTEOkinematic motion of the PELVIS on the FEMUR

roll and glide S-AME DIRECTION (concave on convex)

Describe the OSTEOkinematic motion of the FEMUR on the PELVIS?

roll and glide- OPPOSITE DIRECTION (convex on concave)

What is the closed pack position of the hip aka where we have most stability?

Full Extension, Medial rotation, Abduction

(Standing up, pigeon toe, tilt pelvis forward like you’re pushing it out)

Which is our strongest and most important hip flexor?

Iliopsoas-2 parts=iliacus and psoas major (helps the anterior tilt happen)

What muscle extends the hip and flexes the knee?

Hamstrings

Which muscle stabilizes our hips in the frontal plane while in a single leg stance?

Gluteus medius allows the hip to stay level when we raise a single leg (STRONGEST HIP ABDUCTOR)

What is the difference between the weightbearing function of the hip and the nonweightbearing function of the hip?

Non-weightbearing functions provide speed- swinging leg during kicking, running, walking

Weight-bearing functions provide power and stability

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Sartorius

What is the most powerful hip extensor?

Gluteus Maximus (helps with posterior tilt)