Grade 11 Diversity SBI3U

covers Classification, Kingdoms, Bacteria, Viruses,Antibiotics / Vaccines, Protists,Fungi,Plantae,Animalia

Bacteria

A type of bacteria that are mostly unicellular, small, and reproduce through binary fission.

Prokaryotes

Small cells with circular DNA that are not enclosed in a nucleus.

Binary Fission

A method of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two parts.

Anaerobic

Organisms that do not require oxygen for growth.

Eukaryotes

Larger cells with DNA enclosed in a nucleus and many organelles.

Pathogenic

Bacteria that are harmful or cause diseases.

Nitrogen Fixing

The process of converting nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into a form usable by plants.

Cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic bacteria that contributed to the oxygen-rich atmosphere on Earth.

Thermophiles

Bacteria that thrive in high-temperature environments.

Methanogens

Bacteria that produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Halophiles

Bacteria that live in high salt concentrations.

Mutations

Changes in DNA that can be harmful or beneficial.

Genetic Recombination

Mixing genetic material that leads to variety among bacterial populations.

Conjugation

A process where two bacteria exchange genetic material.

Transformation

Bacteria uptake of DNA from their environment.

Transduction

Transfer of DNA between bacteria using a virus.

Cocci

Round, ball-shaped bacteria.

Bacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Gram Staining

A method to classify bacteria based on how they absorb stains.

Gram Positive

Bacteria that absorb the stain and appear purple.

Gram Negative

Bacteria that do not absorb the stain and appear pink.

Fungi

Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms with cell walls made of chitin.

Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead material, recycling nutrients.

Penicillin

An antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming that inhibits bacterial growth.

Cyclosporin

A drug that helps prevent organ rejection in transplants.

Mycelium

The network of fungi filaments that absorb nutrients.

Hyphae

Filamentous structures that make up the mycelium of fungi.

Symbiosis

A mutually beneficial relationship between different organisms.

Lichens

A symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae/cyanobacteria.

Taxonomy

The science of classifying and naming organisms.

Species

A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Domain

The highest taxonomic rank in the classification of organisms.

Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone.

Invertebrates

Animals without a backbone.

Asymmetrical

No body symmetry.

Bilateral Symmetry

Symmetry along one plane.

Radial Symmetry

Symmetry around a central axis.

Endosymbiosis

A process where a larger cell engulfs a smaller cell and forms a symbiotic relationship.

Phytoplankton

Plant-like protists that form the base of the marine food chain.

Antibiotic Resistance

The ability of bacteria to survive and multiply despite the presence of antibiotics.

Vaccines

Biological preparations that provide acquired immunity to a particular disease.

Capsid

The protein coat that surrounds a virus.

Epidemic

A disease that spreads rapidly in a localized area.

Pandemic

A disease that spreads across countries or continents.

Lytic Cycle

The stage of viral replication where the virus invades a host cell and produces new viruses.

Lysogenic Cycle

A viral replication cycle where the virus integrates its DNA into the host genome and can remain dormant.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in fruit.

Gymnosperms

Non-flowering plants that have seeds exposed on cone scales.

Xylem

Plant tissue that transports water.

Phloem

Plant tissue that transports sugars.