1.1 MI

What are the four types of immunity?

Herd immunity, innate immunity, passive immunity, and adaptive immunity.

What is herd immunity?

Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, reducing its spread.

What is innate immunity?

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens and is non-specific, involving physical barriers and immune cells.

What is passive immunity?

Passive immunity is when antibodies are transferred from one individual to another, providing temporary protection.

What is adaptive immunity?

Adaptive immunity is the targeted response of the immune system, which develops memory cells after exposure to pathogens.

What are the functions of the tonsils?

Tonsils trap pathogens from the food and air and are involved in the immune response.

What is the role of the thymus?

The thymus is where T-cells mature and become capable of defending against pathogens.

What does bone marrow do in the immune system?

Bone marrow is the site of production for all blood cells, including white blood cells.

What is the function of lymph nodes?

Lymph nodes filter lymphatic fluid and contain immune cells that fight infection.

What role does the spleen play in the immune system?

The spleen filters blood, removes old blood cells, and helps mount immune responses.

What are white blood cells?

White blood cells are immune cells that help defend the body against infections.

What are the types of pathogens?

Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites.

How do bacteria differ from viruses?

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can thrive in various environments, while viruses are smaller and require a host cell to replicate.

What defines fungi?

Fungi are multicellular organisms that decompose organic material and can cause infections.

What are parasites?

Parasites are organisms that live on or in a host and benefit at the host's expense.

What do B-cells do?

B-cells produce antibodies that target specific antigens on pathogens.

What is the role of T-cells?

T-cells attack infected or cancerous cells and help regulate the immune response.

What does ELISA stand for?

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

What is the ELISA process?

The ELISA process involves attaching an antigen to a plate, adding a sample, and detecting antibodies through enzyme-linked reactions.

What are solutions in chemistry?

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of solutes dissolved in solvents.

What is serial dilution?

Serial dilution is a stepwise dilution of a substance in solution to achieve lower concentrations.

How can you determine likely infection routes?

By studying the transmission methods of pathogens and affected populations.