module 2

modified compton

this interaction with matter is responsible for the majority of scatter radiation reaching the IR

atomic number

the degree of attenuation of x-ray photons is directly related to what quality of the tissue being irradiated?

-decreased patient dose

-improved contrast resolution

-improved spatial resolution

what are the benefits of utilizing a compression band during x-ray imaging?

1, 3, 6 and 7

which of the following statements are correct regarding the interaction shown

1. this interaction occurs with an inner shell electron

2. this interaction occurs with a loosely bound outer shell electron

3. is the photoelectric effect

4. is the Compton effect

5. is a partial energy transfer from x-ray photon to electron

6. is a complete energy transfer from x-ray photon to electron

7. contributes mainly to patient exposure

8. contributes mainly to occupational exposure

attenuation

this can be defined as the reduction in the number of x-ray photons of the primary beam and the resulting loss of energy as the beam passes through matter

air

the least amount of attenuation is most likely to occur in which of the following tissues

photoelectric

this interaction not only contributes significantly to patient dose but also can impact radiographic contrast

Compton

which of the following x-ray interactions with matter contribute mostly to occupational exposure?

1, 3 and 4

which of the following represent the concept of atomic number an/or an isotope

1. Z

2. atoms that have the same mass number but a different atomic number

3. 130/56 Ba and 138/56 Ba

4. atoms that have the same atomic number but a different mass number

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

which of the following affect the production of scatter radiation

1. kVp

2. beam restriction

3. use of compression band

4. PA abdomen verses AP on hypersthenic patient

5. part thickness

6. grid use

1, 2, 3 and 4

ionizing radiation damage to tissue may depend on the following factors

1. atomic number of the tissue

2. type of ionizing radiation

3. mass density of the tissue

4. LET

5. focal spot size

the Compton effect

wearing lead apron during general fluoroscopy protects the radiographer from exposure due to this

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8

which of the following statements that apply to the term effective dose

1. measures x-ray tube output

2. is the product of absorbed dose (D), tissue weighting factor (Wt) and radiation weighting factor(Wr)

3. can be defended as equivalent whole body dose

4. (rad X QF) = rem

5. can be measured in units of mSv

6. describes the dose effect relationship or biological effect

7. can be abbreviated EfD

8. expresses ionizing radiation dose to biologic material

9. used to express exposure in air

Sv

this unit of measurement is utilized to express occupational exposure

air kerma

this unit can be used to express exposure in air, but can best be defined as the kinetic energy released in matter

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

which of the following factors can affect the amount or the nature of damage to biologic material due to ionizing radiation

1. quality of radiation

2. absorbed dose

3. LET

4. RBE

5. size of irradiated area

6. focal spot size

Gya

radiation output from a diagnostic x-ray tube is measured in which of the following units of measurement

modified Compton

the formula Ei = Es + (Eb + Eke) is for calculating the energy of a scattered photon created during a(n) _________ scattering interaction

Compton

which x-ray interaction is most common in the human body

compton effect

this photon interaction with matter is not dependent on the atomic number of tissue

milliamperage

all of the following affect the probability of x-ray attenuation except

1. part thickness

2. photon energy

3. atomic number

4. milliamperage

muscle

the greatest attenuation of x-rays is

coherent

___________ scattering is another term for classical scattering

4

this unit only applies to x-rays and gamma rays and their interactions in air

1. C/kg

2. mR

3. Gya

4. none of these

subject contrast

this is defined as the magnitude of the signal difference in the remnant beam as a result of the different absorption characteristics of the tissues and structures making up that part